Abstract
The species composition and external morphology of heterotrophic flagellates in four sphagnum bogs and six lakes in the Usman pine forest in Voronezh oblast has been studied. A total of 71 species from five supergroups (Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Excavata) have been recorded. The faunal similarity of the flagellate complexes is extremely low in the studied water bodies. The maximum species wealth is recorded in the terrace dammed lake with a marsh watershed, while the minimum species wealth is detected in the driest sphagnum bog. Different floodplain lakes are characterized by the maximum and minimum species specificity, while the terrace lakes and bogs occupy the intermediate position. Most species are represented by Rhizaria and Excavata. Rhizaria are dominated by Cercomonadida and Glissomonadida, while Excavata are dominated by Euglenoidea and Kinetoplastida. Only three predatory flagellates were found: Rhynchobodo armata Brugerolle, 1985, Goniomonas truncata (Fresenius, 1858), and Alphamonas edax (Klebs, 1892). Some of the revealed species also occur in sea waters, which indicates their euryhalinity. Bordnamonas tropicana was found in a fresh water body for the first time. The descriptions, drawings, and photographs of 16 species are given, taking into account the morphological features of their cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boch, M.S. and Mazing, V.V., Ekosistemy bolot SSSR (Ecosystems of Bogs of the USSR), Leningrad: Nauka, 1979.
Vodno-bolotnye ugod’ya Rossii (Wetlands of Russia), vol. 3: Vodno-bolotnye ugod’ya, vnesennye v Perspektivnyi spisok Ramsarskoi konventsii (Wetlands Included in the Prospective List of the Ramsar Convention), Moscow: Wetlands International Global Series, 2000, no. 3.
Vetrova, Z.I., Bestsvetnye evglenovye vodorosli Ukrainy (Colorless Euglenophytes of Ukraine), Kyiv: Nauk. Dumka, 1980.
Vorob’eva, K.Yu. and Tikhonenkov, D.V., The first data on the heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) of the Voronezh reservoir, Vestn. Zool., 2011, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 367–370.
Zhivotova, E.N., Faunistic review of zooplankton of water bodies of the Usman oak forest, in Gidrobiologicheskie issledovaniya vodoemov Srednerusskoi lesostepi (Hydrobiological Studies of Water Bodies of the Central Russian Steppe), Voronezh: Izd. Voronezh. Univ., 2002, vol. 1, pp. 55–66.
Zhivotova, E.N. and Koroteeva, O.A The study of the hydrochemical regime of some water bodies of the Usman oak forest, in Gidrobiologicheskie issledovaniya vodoemov Srednerusskoi lesostepi (Hydrobiological Studies of Water Bodies of the Central Russian Steppe), Voronezh: Izd. Voronezh. Univ., 2002, vol. 1, pp. 221–225.
Zhukov, B.F., Identification Guide to colorless freeliving flagellates of the suborder Bodonina Hollande, in Biologiya i produktivnost’ presnovodnykh organizmov (Biology and Productivity of Freshwater Organisms), Leningrad: Nauka, 1971, pp. 241–284.
Zhukov, B.F., Colorless flagellates in the plankton of the Rybinsk Reservoir, Gidrobiol. Zh., 1973, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 88–92.
Zhukov, B.F., Opredelitel’ bestsvetnykh zhgutikonostsev otryada Bicosoecida Grasse et Deflandre (Zoomastigophorea, Protozoa), in Biologiya i sistematika nizshikh organizmov (Biology and Systematics of Lower Organisms), Leningrad: Nauka, 1987, pp. 3–28.
Zhukov, B.F., Atlas Presnovodnykh geterotrofnykh zhgutikonostsev (biologiya, ekologiya i sistematika) (Atlas of Freshwater Heterotrophic Flagellates (Biology, Ecology, and Systematics)). Rybinsk: Inst. Biologii Vnutr. Vod RAN, 1993, vol. 160.
Zhukov, B.F. and Karpov, S.A., Presnovodnye vorotnichkovye zhgutikonostsy (Freshwater Collar Flagellates), Leningrad: Nauka, 1985.
Zhukov, B.F. and Myl’nikov, A.P., Fauna of zooflagellates of treatment plants, in Prosteishie aktivnogo ila (Protozoa of Active Sludge), Leningrad: Nauka, 1983, pp. 27–41.
Leonov, M.M., Heliozoan fauna of waterbodies and watercourses of the Central Russian Upland Forest-Steppe, Inland Water Biol., 2009, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 6–12.
Leonov, M.M., New species of centrohelids of the genus Acanthocystis (Centroheliozoa), Zool. Zh., 2010, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 507–513.
Leonov, M.M. and Plotnikov, A.O., Centrohelid heliozoans (Centroheliozoa) of the Central Black Soil Region and Southern Urals: species composition, morphology, and distribution, Zool. Zh., 2009, vol. 88, no. 6, pp. 643–653.
Paenko, N.K., Ryazanova, L.B., and Stepantsova, N.Yu., The study of microbenthos of the Voronezh Reservoir, in Sostoyanie i problemy ekosistem Srednego Podon’ya (State and Ecosystem Problems of the Middle Don Region), Voronezh, 1995, vol. 6, pp. 84–88.
Sudnina, N.V., Ecological features of the formation and development of zooplankton of “urban” reservoirs (a case study of the Voronezh Reservoir), Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Voronezh, 1985.
Tikhonenkov, D.V. and Mazei, Yu.A., Distribution of heterotrophic flagellates along the salinity gradient— the ratio of active and latent species diversity in the White Sea estuary, Usp. Sovrem. Biol., 2013, vol. 133, no. 2, pp. 178–190.
Umorin, P.P., The relationship of bacteria and flagellates during organic matter destruction, Zh. Obshch. Biol., 1976, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 831–835.
Khitsova, L.N. and Kamolov, V.I., Odnokletochnye zhivotnye r. Voronezh, Voronezhskogo vodokhranilishcha i freaticheskikh vod (Protists of the Voronezh River, Voronezh Reservoir, and Phreatic Waters), Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 1982, Dep. VINITI August 21, 1982, no. 1884-82
Khitsova, L.N. and Kamolov, V.I., Sezonnaya dinamika kornenozhek Voronezhskogo vodokhranilishcha (Seasonal Dynamics of Rhizopods of the Voronezh Reservoir), Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 1984, Dep. VINITI September 6, 1984, no. 3000-84.
Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Farmer, M.A., et al., The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 2005, vol. 52, pp. 399–451.
Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., et al., The revised classification of eukaryotes, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 2012, vol. 59, pp. 429–493.
Arndt, H., Dietrich, D., Auer, B., et al., Functional diversity of heterotrophic flagellates in aquatic ecosystems, in The Flagellates, London: Taylor and Francis, 2000, pp. 240–268.
Brabender, M., Kiss, A.K., Domonell, A., et al., Phylogenetic and morphological diversity of novel soil cercomonad species with a description of two new genera (Nucleocercomonas and Metabolomonas), Protist, 2012, vol. 163, pp. 495–528.
Ekelund, F. and Patterson, D.J., Some heterotrophic flagellates from a cultivated garden soil in Australia, Arch. Protistenkd, 1997, vol. 148, pp. 461–478.
Fenchel, T., Marine plankton food chains, Ann. Rev. Ecol., Evol. System., 1988, vol. 19, pp. 19–38.
Hansen, P.J., Quantitative importance and trophic role of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in a coastal pelagial food web, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 1991, vol. 73, pp. 253–261.
Howe, A.T., Bass, D., Chao, E.E., and Cavalier-Smith, T., New genera, species, and improved phylogeny of Glissomonadida (Cercozoa), Protist, 2011, vol. 162, pp. 710–722.
Howe, A.T., Bass, D., Vickerman, K., et al., Phylogeny, taxonomy, and astounding genetic diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., the dominant gliding zooflagellates in soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa), Protist, 2009, vol. 160, pp. 159–189.
Larsen, J. and Patterson, D.J., Some flagellates (Protista) from tropical marine sediments, J. Natur. Hist., 1990, vol. 24, pp. 801–937.
Leatbeater, B.S.C. and Green, J.C., Preface, in The Flagellates, London: Taylor and Francis, 2000, pp. 10–11.
Lee, W.J., Brandt, S.M., Vors, N., and Patterson, D.J., Darwin’s heterotrophic flagellates, Ophelia, 2003, vol. 57, pp. 63–98.
Lee, W.J. and Patterson, D.J., Diversity and geographic distribution of free-living heterotrophic flagellates— analysis by Primer, Protist, 1998, vol. 149, pp. 229–243.
Lee, W.L., Simpson, A.G.B., and Patterson, D.J., Free-living heterotrophic flagellates from freshwater sites in Tasmania (Australia), a Field Survey, Acta Protozoologica, 2005, vol. 44, pp. 321–350.
Patterson, D.J. and Simpson, A.G.B., Heterotrophic flagellates from coastal marine and hypersaline sediments in Western Australia, Eur. J. Protistol., 1996, vol. 32, pp. 423–448.
Porter, K.G., Sherr, E.B., Sherr, B.F., et al., Protozoa in planktonic food webs, J. Protozool., 1985, vol. 32, pp. 409–415.
Schroeckh, S., Lee, W.J., and Patterson, D.J., Free-living heterotrophic euglenids from freshwater sites in mainland Australia, Hydrobiologia, 2003, vol. 493, pp. 131–166.
Vørs, N., Heterotrophic amoebae, flagellates and Heliozoa from the Tvärminne Area, Gulf of Finland, in 1988–1990, Ophelia, 1992, vol. 36, pp. 1–109.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © K.I. Prokina, A.P. Mylnikov, 2017, published in Biologiya Vnutrennykh Vod, 2017, No. 2, pp. 66–75.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prokina, K.I., Mylnikov, A.P. Heterotrophic flagellates of sphagnum bogs and lakes in Usman pine forest, Voronezh oblast. Inland Water Biol 10, 182–191 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917020110
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917020110