Abstract
The molecular structure of humus substances from permafrost-affected peat mounds of the East European forest-tundra has been studied with the use of up to date physicochemical methods (13С NMR, EPR spectroscopy). The structural-functional parameters of humus substances from these soils are specified by the integral action of cryogenic processes in the active layer, natural selection of aromatic structures in the course of humification, and by the species composition and degree of peat decomposition; they reflect the climatic conditions of peat formation in the Holocene. Humic acids of peat bogs are represented by low-condensed molecular structures with the low portion of carbon atoms of aromatic components, which increases down the soil profile, and by with the high content of non-oxidized aliphatic fragments. Active changes in the portions of aromatic and non-oxidized aliphatic fragments take place at the lower boundary of the active layer in the soils of bare peat spots. Such changes may serve as the basis for further search of the bioindicators of recent climate changes.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
L. N. Aleksandrova, Soil Organic Matter and Processes of Its Transformation (Nauka, Leningrad, 1980) [in Russian].
I. B. Archegova, “Effect of freezing on the sorption, composition, and properties of humic substances,” Pochvovedenie, No. 11, 39–49 (1979).
R. S. Vasilevich and V. A. Beznosikov, “Amino acid composition of humic substances in tundra soils,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 48, 593–599 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229315060125
R. S. Vasilevich and V. A. Beznosikov, “Effect of climate changes in the Holocene on the distribution of humic substances in the profile of forest-tundra peat mounds,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 50, 1271–1282 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317090101
Yu. K. Vasil’chuk, A. K. Vasil’chuk, H. Junger, and J. van der Plicht, “Formation of syngenetic ice wedges during the Holocene optimum under conditions of fast accumulation of peat in the Yamal Peninsula,” Kriosfera Zemli 3 (1), 11–12 (1999).
J. E. Wertz and J. R. Bolton, Electron Spin Resonance: Elementary Theory and Practical Applications (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972; Mir, Moscow, 1975).
Yu. A. Vinogradova, D. A. Kaverin, A. V. Pastukhov, and E. M. Lapteva, “Spatial distribution of microorganisms in peat mounds of the East European sector of Arctic,” in VII Congress of the Dokuchaev Soil Science Society and All-Russia Conference with International Participation “Soil Science to Food and Ecological Security of Russia,” Belgorod, August 15–22, 2016, Abstracts of Papers (Belgorod, Moscow, 2016), Part 2, pp. 105–106.
M. V. Gostishcheva, “Comparison of humic acids from peat soils of Tomsk oblast,” Izv. Tomsk. Politekh. Univ. 310 (2), 163–166 (2007).
M. I. Dergacheva and V. S. Dedkov, “Influence of deep freezing-thawing on the soil organic matter in the forest-tundra of the Ob reaches,” Ekologiya, No. 2, 23–32 (1977).
L. I. Inisheva, N. V. Yudina, I. V. Sokolova, and G. V. Larina, “Characteristics of humic acids of particular peat types,” Khim. Rastit. Syr’ya, No. 4, 179–185 (2013). https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.1304179
D. A. Kaverin and A. V. Pastukhov, “Genetic characteristics of barren circles on flat-topped peat mounds in the Bol’shezemel’skaya tundra,” Izv. Samar. Nauch. Tsentra, Ross. Akad. Nauk 15 (3), 55–62 (2013).
D. A. Knyazev, A. D. Fokin, and A. V. Ochkin, “Free-radical condensation as a natural mechanism of the formation of humic acids,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 42 984–988 (2009).
N. O. Kovaleva and I. V. Kovalev, “Lignin phenols in soils as biomarkers of paleovegetation,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 48, 946–958 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229315090057
L. S. Kozlovskaya, V. M. Medvedeva, and N. I. P’yavchenko, Dynamics of Organic Matter during Paludification (Nauka, Leningrad, 1978) [in Russian].
G. V. Larina, M. I. Kaizer, and T. V. Vyshnyakova, “Composition of organic matter and humic acids of Balaknak peat field (Mountain Altai),” Vestn. Tomsk. Gos. Pedagog. Univ., No. 8, 222–226 (2013).
D. V. Levashenko and E. S. Malyasova, “Climatic optimum in the Pechora River delta,” Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., No. 4, 125–132 (2007).
E. D. Lodygin, V. A. Beznosikov, and R. S. Vasilevich, “Molecular composition of humic substances in tundra soils (13C-NMR spectroscopic study),” Eurasian Soil Sci. 47, 400–406 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229314010074
D. S. Orlov, Humic Acids of Soils and General Theory of Humification (Moscow State Univ., Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].
Memory of Soils: Soil as a Memory of Biosphere-Geosphere-Anthroposphere Interactions, Ed. by V. O. Targulian and S. V. Goryachkin (LKI, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
O. A. Rozentsvet, V. R. Filin, S. V. Saksonov, and V. V. Meshcheryakov, “Seasonal changes in polar lipids in fronds of the ferns Dryopteris filix-mas and Matteuccia struthiopteris,” Biochemistry (Moscow) 67, 1006–1011 (2002).
A. V. Savel’eva and N. V. Yudina, “Change of the chemical composition of swamp vegetation in the course of peat formation,” Khim. Rastit. Syr’ya, No. 3, 17–20 (2003).
A. V. Savel’eva, N. V. Yudina, and L. I. Inisheva, “Composition of humic acids in peats with different degrees of humification,” Solid Fuel Chem. 44, 305–309 (2010).
M. P. Sartakov, “13C NMR spectroscopy of humic acids from peat in the middle reaches of the Ob River,” Khim. Rastit. Syr’ya, No. 3, 135–139 (2008).
M. P. Sartakov and V. D. Tikhova, “Graphostatistical analysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy of humic acid molecules from peat in the middle reaches of the Ob River,” Vestn. Krasn. Gos. Agrar. Univ., No. 6, 76–80 (2009).
S. B. Selyanina, L. N. Parfenova, M. V. Trufanova, K. G. Bogolitsyn, E. V. Mal’tseva, M. V. Bogdanov, and O. N. Yarygina, “Extraction of bitumen from the upper peat layer,” Vestn. Sev. (Arkt.) Fed. Univ., Ser.: Estestv. Nauki, No. 1, 43–50 (2013).
R. S. Truskavetskii, “Carbon budget of drained peat bogs in Ukrainian Polesie,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 47, 687–693 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229314050238
E. V. Fridland, “Analysis of the lipid (soluble in alcohol benzene) fraction of soil humus,” Biol. Nauki, No. 5, 127–133 (1978).
V. A. Kholodov, A. I. Konstantinov, A. V. Kudryavtsev, and I. V. Perminova, “Structure of humic acids in zonal soils from 13C NMR data,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 44, 976–983 (2011).
G. D. Chimitdorzhieva, D. B. Andreeva, O. V. Vishnyakova, and E. Yu. Mil’kheev, Humic Substances in Natural Objects (Buryat Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 2007) [in Russian].
O. A. Chichagova, Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Humus: Application in Soil Science and Paleogeography (Nauka, Moscow, 1985) [in Russian].
S. N. Chukov, Structural and Functional Parameters of Soil Organic Matter under Anthropogenic Impact (St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg, 2001) [in Russian].
S. N. Chukov, M. S. Golubkov, and A. G. Ryumin, “Intrahorizon differentiation of the structural-functional parameters of the humic acids from a typical chernozem,” Eurasian Soil Sci. 43, 1255–1262 (2010).
S. N. Chukov, E. Ejarque, and E. V. Abakumov, “Characterization of humic acids from tundra soils of northern Western Siberia by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Eurasian Soil Sci. 50, 30–33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229317010057
N. V. Shpynova and M. P. Sartakov, “Spectral characteristics of humic acids from organic deposits on the Ob–Irtysh interfluve,” Vestn. Yugorsk. Gos. Univ., No. 4, 88–91 (2010).
F. Ariese, S. Assema, C. Gooijer, A. G. Bruccoleri, and C. H. Langford, “Comparison of Laurentian fulvic acid luminescence with that of the hydroquinone/quinone model system: Evidence from low temperature fluorescence studies and EPR spectroscopy,” Aquat. Sci. 66 (1), 86–94 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-003-0647-8
C. Bayer, L. Martin-Neto, J. Mielniczuk, J. Dieckow, and T. J. C. Amado, “C and N stocks and the role of molecular recalcitrance and organomineral interaction in stabilizing soil organic matter in a subtropical Acrisol managed under no-tillage,” Geoderma 133 (3–4), 258–268 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.07.012
A. F. Cano, A. R. Mermut, R. Ortiz, M. B. Benke, and B. Chatson, “13C CP/MAS-NMR spectra of organic matter as influenced by vegetation, climate, and soil characteristics in soils from Murcia, Spain,” Can. J. Soil Sci. 82 (4), 403–411 (2002).
D. P. Dick, C. N. Goncalves, R. S. D. Dalmolin, H. Knicker, E. Klamt, I. Kogel-Knabner, M. L. Simoes, and L. Martin-Neto, “Characteristics of soil organic matter of different Brazilian Ferralsols under native vegetation as a function of soil depth,” Geoderma 12 (3–4), 319–333 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.05.008
R. M. B. O. Duarte, A. M. S. Silva, and A. C. Duarte, “Two-dimensional NMR studies of water-soluble organic matter in atmospheric aerosols,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 8224–8230 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/es801298s
P. G. Hatcher, M. Schnitzer, L. W. Dennis, and G. E. Maciel, “Aromaticity of humic substances in soils,” Soil Science Soc. Am. J. 45, 1089–1093 (1981). https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500060016x
A. Jezierski, F. Czechowski, M. Jerzykiewicz, Y. Chen, and J. Drozd, “Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on stable and transient radicals in humic acids from compost, soil, peat and brown coal,” Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 56 (2), 379–385 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(99)00249-8
C. Keeler, E. F. Kelly, and G. E. Maciel, “Chemical-structural information from solid-state 13C NMR studies of a suite of humic materials from a lower montane forest soil, Colorado, USA,” Geoderma 130, 124–140 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.015
M. Klavins and O. Purmalis, “Properties and structure of raised bog peat humic acids,” J. Mol. Struct. 1050, 103–113 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.021
H. Knicker, A. Hilscher, F. J. González-Vila, and G. Almendros, “A new conceptual model for the structural properties of char produced during vegetation fires,” Org. Geochem. 39 (8), 935–939 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2008.03.021
M. Kononova, Soil Organic Matter: Its Nature, Its Role in Soil Formation and in Soil Fertility (Pergamon, Oxford, 1966).
E. D. Lodygin and V. A. Beznosikov, “The molecular structure and elemental composition of humic substances from Albeluvisols,” Chem. Ecol. 26 (4), 87–95 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2010.497759
R. S. T. Manhaes, L. T. Auler, M. S. Sthel, J. Alexandreb, M. S. O. Massunaga, J. G. Carrio, D. R. Santos, E. C. Silva, A. Garcia-Quiroz, and H. Vargas, “Soil characterization using X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance,” Appl. Clay Sci. 21 (5–6), 303–311 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00092-3
J. Mao, X. Cao, D. C. Olk, W. Chu, and K. Schmidt-Rohr, “Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy of natural organic matter,” Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 100, 17–51 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.11.003
T. P. Roland, T. J. Daley, C. J. Caseldine, D. J. Charman, C. S. M. Turney, M. J. Amesbury, G. J. Thompson, and E. J. Woodley, “The 5.2 ka climate event: Evidence from stable isotope and multi-proxy palaeocological peatland records in Ireland,” Quat. Sci. Rev. 124, 209–223 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j/quascirev.2015.07.026
J. Routh, G. Hugelius, P. Kuhryb, T. Filley, P. K. Tillman, M. Becher, and P. Crill, “Multi-proxy study of soil organic matter dynamics in permafrost peat deposits reveal vulnerability to climate change in the European Russian Arctic,” Chem. Geol. 368, 104–117 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.12.022
E. A. G. Schuur, J. Bockheim, J. G. Canadell, E. Euskirchen, C. B. Field, S. V. Goryachkin, S. Hagemann, P. Kuhry, P. M. Lafleur, H. Lee, G. Mazhitova, F. E. Nelson, A. Rinke, V. E. Romanovsky, N. Shiklomanov, et al., “Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: Implications for the global carbon cycle,” BioScience 58 (8), 701–714 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1641/B580807
A. J. Simpson and M. J. Simpson, “Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of natural organic matter,” in Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems, Ed. by N. Senesi, B. Xing, and P. M. Huang (Wiley, New Jersey, 2009), Ch. 15, pp. 589–650.
R. S. Swift, “Organic matter characterization,” in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, Soil Science Society of America Book Series no. 5, Ed. by D. L. Sparks, et al. (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, 1996), pp. 1018–1020.
A. M. Tadini, G. Pantano, A. L. Toffoli, B. Fontaine, R. Spaccini, A. Piccolo, A. B. Moreira, and M. C. Bisinoti, “Off-line TMAH-GC/MS and NMR characterization of humic substances extracted from river sediments of northwestern São Paulo under different soil uses,” Sci. Total Environ. 506–507, 234–240 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.012
M. A. Wilson, “Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of the structure of soil organic matter,” J. Soil. Sci. 32, 167–186 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01698.x
A. Winkler, L. Haumaier, and W. Zech, “Insoluble alkyl carbon components in soils derive mainly from cutin and suberin,” Org. Geochem. 36 (4), 519–529 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.11.006
C. Zaccone, T. M. Miano, and W. Shotyk, “Qualitative comparison between raw peat and related humic acids in an ombrotrophic bog profile,” Org. Geochem. 38, 151–160 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.023
W. Zech, R. Hempfling, L. Haumaier, H.-R. Schulten, and K. Haider, “Humification in subalpine Rendzinas: chemical analyses, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry,” Geoderma 47 (1–2), 123–138 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(90)90050-J
S. A. Zimov, E. A. G. Schuur, and F. S. Chapin, “Permafrost and the global carbon budget,” Science 312 (5780), 1612–1613 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128908
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was performed as taxpayer-funded research of Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. АААА-А17-117122290011-5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by T. Chicheva
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vasilevich, R.S., Beznosikov, V.A. & Lodygin, E.D. Molecular Structure of Humus Substances in Permafrost Peat Mounds in Forest-Tundra. Eurasian Soil Sc. 52, 283–295 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229319010150
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229319010150