Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intraspecific Structure of Liza affinis Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Variations

  • GENETICS
  • Published:
Biology Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Liza affinis (Eastern keelback mullet) is a commercial species in the East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS). However, L. affinis has suffered from a severe recession caused by overfishing. Thus, assessment of population genetic structure is necessary to enhance resource recovery and facilitate the delineation and monitoring of L. affinis for fisheries management. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic structures and diversities of L. affinis. The sequence variations of Cyt b gene from eight L. affinis populations in the ECS and SCS were assessed, resulting in a total of 56 haplotypes. Nucleotide and haplotype diversities for the eight populations ranged from 0.0014 ± 0.0009 (ZJ) to 0.0022 ± 0.0014 (FCG), and from 0.8297 ± 0.0757 (ZJ) to 0.9373 ± 0.0230 (FCG), respectively. The results of AMOVA demonstrated that the genetic variation was low among eight populations, and most of the FST values were non-significant, implying no obvious difference in population genetic structures except for Xiamen and Fangchenggang populations. Haplotype network diagram analysis revealed that no significant geographic difference was observed among populations. Further clustering and neutrality tests indicated that the geographical distance was not closely associated with their genetic distance values among eight populations. Additionally, the occurrence of separate genetic stocks was not detected in the ECS and SCS. The homogeneity patterns of L. affinis can be explained by the strong ocean current and dispersal capacity of planktonic larvae. Our study was applicable for evolution, conservation and management of natural resources as well as genetic improvement programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Amason, E., Petersen, P.H., and Palsson, S., Mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequence variation of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, from the Baltic and the White Seas, Hereditas, 1998, vol. 129, pp. 37–43.

  2. Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species, Harvard University Press, 2000.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Avise, J.C., Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution, Springer Science and Business Media, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bermingham, E., McCafferty, S.S., and Martin, A.P., Fish biogeography and molecular clocks: perspectives from the Panamanian Isthmus, in Molecular Systematics of Fishes, Kocher, T.D. and Stepien, C.A., Eds., San Diego: Academic Press, 1997, p. 113e128.

  5. Canino, M.F., Spies, I.B., Cunningham, K.M., Hauser, L., and Grant, W.S., Multiple ice-age refugia in Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus, Mol. Ecol., 2010, vol. 19, no. 19, pp. 4339–4351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Dynesius, M. and Jansson, R., Evolutionary consequences of changes in species’ geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2000, vol. 97, no. 16, pp. 9115–9120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Excoffier, L., Laval, G., and Schneider, S., Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis, Evol. Bioinf. Online, 2005, vol. 1, pp. 47–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fu, Y.X., Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection, Genetics, 1997, vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 915–925.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Gong, X.L., Zhu, W.J., and Bao B.L., Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Eastern keelback mullet Liza affinis, Mitochondr. DNA, part A, 2016, vol. 27, pp. 2178–2179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Grant, W.S. and Bowen B.W., Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes: insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation, J. Heredity, 1998, vol. 89, pp. 415–426.

  11. Guan, B. and Fang, G., Winter counter-wind currents off the southeastern China coast: a review, J. Oceanogr., 2006, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hu, A., Jahn, B., Zhang, G., Chen Y., and Zhang, Q., Crustal evolution and Phanerozoic crustal growth in northern Xinjiang: Nd isotopic evidence. Part I. Isotopic characterization of basement rocks, Tectonophysics, 2000, vol. 328, nos. 1–2, pp. 15–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hurst, G.D. and Jiggins, F.M., Problems with mitochondrial DNA as a marker in population, phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies: the effects of inherited symbionts, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 2005, vol. 272, pp. 1525–1534.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hwang, J.S. and Wong, C.K., The China Coastal Current as a driving force for transporting Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from its population centers to waters off Taiwan and Hong Kong during the winter northeast monsoon period, J. Plankton Res., 2005, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 205–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ikeda, T. and Mito, S., The identification of fish eggs and emergent larvae, in An Atlas of the Early Stage Fishes in Japan, Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 1988, pp. 999–1083.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kinoshita, I., Liza carinata carinata in Mugilidae, in An Atlas of the Early Stage Fishes in Japan, Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 1988, pp. 390–391.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Li, W.Q., Zheng, W.Y., Cai, A.G., and Chen, W.Q., The study on the diet ingestion, absorption and utilization of Liza carinatus, Mar. Sci., 1993, vol. 2, pp. 43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, J., Gao, T., Zhuang, Z., Jin, X., Yokogawa, K., and Zhang, Y., Late Pleistocene divergence and subsequent population expansion of two closely related fish species, Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) and Australian anchovy (Engraulis australis), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2006, vol. 40, pp. 712–723.

  19. Liu, J., Gao, T., Wu, S., and Zhang, Y., Pleistocene isolation in the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas and limited dispersal in a marine fish, Chelon haematocheilus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845), Mol. Ecol., 2007, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 275–288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, L., Panhwar, S.K., Gao, T., Han, Z., Li, C., Sun, D., and Song, N., New genetic evidence from three keel-backed Liza species based on DNA barcoding confirms morphology-based identification, Pak. J. Zool., 2017, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1901–1907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, L., Liu, L., Gao, T., and Song, N., Phylogeographic pattern of Liza affinis populations in Chinese coastal waters: estimation of larval dispersal potential. Mitochondrial DNA part A, 2018, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1253–1260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, L., Zhang, X., Sun, D., Gao, T., and Song, N., Population genetic structure of Liza affinis (eastern Keelback mullet), reveals high gene flow inferred from microsatellite analysis, Ocean Sci. J., 2019, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 245–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mito, S., Fish eggs and larvae, in Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Marine Plankton of Japan, Tokyo: Soyosha, 1966, pp. 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nakamura, S., Larvae and young of fishes found in the vicinity of Kominato, II–VI, Jpn. Imper. Fish. Ins., 1936, vol. 31, pp. 131–166.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Nash, C.E. and Shehadeh, Z.H., Review of breeding and propagation techniques for grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, Manila: Int. Center Living Aquat. Resour. Manage., 1980, vol. 3, pp. 11–77.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pakendorf, B. and Stoneking, M., Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution, J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 1994, vol. 26, pp. 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rogers, A.R. and Harpending, H., Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1992, vol. 9, pp. 552–569.

  28. Tajima F., Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism, Genetics, 1989, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 585–595.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., and Kumar, S. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2013, vol. 30, pp. 2725–2729.

  30. Ward, R.D., Genetics in fisheries management, Hydrobiologia, 2000, vol. 420, no. 1, pp. 191–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yang, S.Y. and Qiu, S.Y., A preliminary study on growth and feeding habit of mullet (Liza carinatus) under yearlings in Luoyuan Bay, J. Xiamen Univ., 1989, vol. 28, pp. 110–119.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Yoshimatsu, T., Matsui, S., and Kitajima, C., Early development of laboratory-reared keelback mullet, Nippon Suisan Gakk. 1993, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 765–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang, R., Lu, S., Zhao, C.Y., Chen, L., Zang, Z., and Zhang, X., Fish Eggs and Larvae in the Offshore Waters of China, China: Shanghai Scientific and Technological Press, 1985, pp. 50–51.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang, J., Cai, Z., and Huang, L., Population genetic structure of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythropterus in East Asia, revealed by analysis of the mitochondrial control region, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 2006, vol. 63, p. 693–704.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to Dongping Ji, Yuan Li, Binbin Shan for the collection of samples. We also thank EditSprings (https://www.editsprings.cn) for the expert linguistic services provided to us.

Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 41506158 and 41776171; Fund of Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China (KF2020005); The Doctoral Research Foundation of Shandong Jiaotong University (BS201902051).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naval Architecture and Port Engineering College, Shandong Jiaotong University, Wehai, P.R. China

    Lu Liu

  2. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, P.R. China

    Lin Lin

  3. South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China

    Lin Lin & Dianrong Sun

  4. National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P.R. China

    Tianxiang Gao

  5. Key Laboratory for Technology Research on Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Zhoushan, P.R. China

    Tianxiang Gao

  6. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, P.R. China

    Na Song

Authors
  1. Lu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lin Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tianxiang Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dianrong Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Na Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Na Song.

Ethics declarations

Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement: In this study, all data present in this article and uploads.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. Experiments were conducted under the guidelines and approval of the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of Ocean University of China (OUC-ECAE20211876).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lu Liu, Lin, L., Gao, T. et al. Intraspecific Structure of Liza affinis Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Variations. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 50, 284–292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359023700371

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359023700371

Keywords:

Search

Navigation