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Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Composition of Plant Membrane Lipids

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Abstract

Literary data on very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) that are present in polar lipids of the plant cell membranes are discussed. Large amounts of VLCFA are found in polar lipids of some cellular organelles as well as in nonextractable lipids from diverse plant objects, where the influence of surface lipids on the relative content of these FAs is excluded. In some plants, the VLCFA fraction in membrane lipids increases under several kinds of stress. Amounts and diversity of VLCFAs are lower in flowering plants as compared with the representatives of more ancient taxons—gymnosperms, ferns, and marine algae. Presence of VLCFAs in the composition of annular lipids of the cell membranes is assumed. Biosynthesis of VLCFAs, enzymes involved in the process, and encoding genes are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

acetyl–CoA carboxylase

ACP:

acyl-carrying protein

DGDG and MGDG:

di- and monogalactosyldi-acylglicerol

ECR:

trans-2,3-enoyl–ACP reductase

ER:

endoplsmic reticulum

HCD:

3-hydroxyacyl–ACP dehydratase

KCR:

3-ketoacyl–ACP reductase

KCS:

3-ketoacyl–CoA-synthase

LACS:

LACS—long-chain acyl–CoA-synthetase

PG, PI, PS, PC, and PE:

phosphatidyl glycerol, -inositol, -serine, -choline, and -ethanolamine

PL:

phospholipid

SQDG:

sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol

TAG:

triacylglycerol

VLCFA:

very long-chain fatty acid

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  1. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    A. V. Zhukov

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Original Russian Text © A.V. Zhukov, 2018, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2018, Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 418–437.

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Zhukov, A.V. Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Composition of Plant Membrane Lipids. Russ J Plant Physiol 65, 784–800 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718050187

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