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New Data on the Rock and Mineral Composition of Kharchinsky and Zarechny Volcanoes, Central Kamchatka Depression: Heterogeneity of the Mantle Source and Peculiarities of Magma Evolution in the Crust

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Abstract

Kharchinsky and Zarechny volcanoes and the Kharchinsky Lake zone of monogenic cones are unique eruptive centers of magnesian lavas located above the northern margin of the Pacific plate subducting beneath Kamchatka. This paper presents new geochemical data on the composition of rocks (55 samples) and minerals (over 900 analyses of olivine, pyroxenes, amphibole, and plagioclase) of these centers analyzed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS (rocks) and electron microprobe (minerals). Most of the studied rocks are magnesian (Mg# = 60–75 mol %) medium-K basalts and basaltic andesites. Moderate-magnesian (Mg# = 52–59 mol %) basaltic andesites are present among the monogenic cones of Kharchinsky Lake. The rare rock varieties include the high-K basalts–basaltic andesites of dikes in the center of Kharchinsky volcano and the magnesian andesites (Mg# = 58–61 mol %) of the extrusions of Zarechnу volcano. The distribution of trace-element contents in these samples demonstrates enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and light REEs at depletion in high field strength elements and heavy REEs, as is typical of arc rocks. The high-K basalts and basaltic andesites show anomalous enrichment in Ba (>1000 ppm), Th (>3.8 ppm), U (>1.8 ppm), Sr (> 800 ppm, Sr/Y > 50), and light REE (La > 20 ppm), and their compositions are close to those of low-Si adakites. The basalts and basaltic andesites contain phenocrysts of high-Mg olivine (up to Fo92.6) and clinopyroxene (Mg # up to 91 mol %). The rocks show petrographic and geochemical evidence of fractional crystallization, along with the processes of mineral accumulation and magma mixing. Some of the olivine phenocrysts show high NiO contents (up to 5000 ppm) and an elevated Fe/Mn ratio (up to 80), which were interpreted as evidence of the participation of a pyroxenite source in the magma generation processes. The use of the Ca/Fe and Ni/Mg ratios allowed us to distinguish the composition fields and evolution trends of olivine associated with different sources: peridotite and pyroxenite, which were formed by a reaction between mantle-wedge peridotites and high-Si melts of the subducted oceanic crust. The new data are consistent with other lines of evidence of melting of the subducted Pacific plate edge beneath the northern part of the Central Kamchatka Depression at the Kurile–Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zone junction and testify to a significant heterogeneity of the mantle in this area.

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Notes

  1. Supplementary materials for the Russian and English versions of this paper are available at https://elibrary.ru/ and http://link.springer.com/, respectively, and in Supplementary 1: ESM_1.xlsx: analyses of the secondary standards for XRF analysis; ESM_2.xlsx: analyses of the secondary standards for ICP-MS analysis; ESM_3.xlsx: analyses of the secondary standards for microprobe (EPMA) analysis; ESM_4.xlsx: whole-rock compositions of the samples; ESM_5.xlsx: composition of olivine phenocrysts in the samples; ESM_6.xlsx: composition of pyroxene phenocrysts in the samples; ESM_7.xlsx: composition of amphibole phenocrysts in the samples; ESM_8.xlsx: composition of plagioclase phenocrysts in the samples.

  2. Mineral symbols are according to (Whitney and Evans, 2010).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank O.A. Khleborodova for preparing the samples for chemical analysis, conducting high-temperature melting of rock powders, and carrying out microprobe analyses. The fieldwork aimed at sampling the bottom part of Zarechny volcano and auxiliary cones of Kharchinsky volcano was conducted under the joint Russian–German research project KOMEX-2 with the participation of N.L. Mironov, A.B. Belousov and O.A. Khleborodova. The authors are grateful to S.Z. Smirnov for constructive criticism that led us to present a better argumentation in support of some of the conclusions and improve the manuscript.

Funding

KOMEX-2 Project was financed by the Ministry for Science and Education of Germany. This study was finished under Russian government-financed research project 0282-2019-0004 for the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky,

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    N. V. Gorbach & N. A. Nekrylov

  2. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    N. A. Nekrylov

  3. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    M. V. Portnyagin & K. Hoernle

  4. Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

    K. Hoernle

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  1. N. V. Gorbach
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  2. N. A. Nekrylov
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  3. M. V. Portnyagin
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  4. K. Hoernle
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Correspondence to N. V. Gorbach.

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Translated by E. Kurdyukov

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Gorbach, N.V., Nekrylov, N.A., Portnyagin, M.V. et al. New Data on the Rock and Mineral Composition of Kharchinsky and Zarechny Volcanoes, Central Kamchatka Depression: Heterogeneity of the Mantle Source and Peculiarities of Magma Evolution in the Crust. Petrology 31, 320–337 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123030050

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