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Ilmenite from the Arkhangelsk Diamond Province, Russia: Composition, Origin and Indicator of Diamondiferous Kimberlites

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Abstract

To provide new insights into the origin and evolution of kimberlitic magmas with different diamond concentrations from the Arkhangelsk diamond province in north-western Russia, we examined the major- and trace-element compositions of ilmenite from diamondiferous kimberlite of the Grib pipe and diamond-barren kimberlites from the Kepino cluster (Stepnaya and TsNIGRI–Arkhangelskaya pipes). Ilmenite from diamond-barren kimberlites shows lower Mg, Ti, Cr, Ni and Cu concentrations with increase in both Fe3+ and Fe2+ and Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Zn and V concentrations. The main differences between kimberlites with different diamond contents are the Nb and Zr concentrations and their correlation patterns with Mg and Cr concentrations. Ilmenite from the Grib kimberlite has Zr concentrations <110 ppm, whereas ilmenite from the Kepino kimberlites has Zr concentrations >300 ppm. Ilmenite crystallisation within the Grib kimberlite occurred under increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2), which may reflect assimilation of mantle peridotite by the kimberlitic magmas. Ilmenite from the Kepino kimberlites suggests its crystallisation under constant fO2, with the ilmenite composition being controlled by processes of fractional crystallisation of megacrystic minerals. These assumptions were confirmed with assimilation–fractional crystallisation calculations. On the basis of obtained data, we developed a model for the evolution of the kimberlitic magmas for both diamondiferous and barren kimberlites. The diamond-bearing kimberlitic magmas were generated under intense interaction of kimberlitic magmas with the surrounding lithospheric mantle. It may be that during early modification of the lithospheric mantle by kimberlitic magmas as well as with kimberlitic magmas’ local stretching and swift ascent, the capture of the mantle xenoliths was favoured over the crystallisation of phenocrysts. The formation of barren kimberlitic magmas may have occurred when the lithospheric mantle in the vicinity of ascending magmas was already geochemically equilibrated with them. It also is possible that the magma’s ascent slowed under conditions of dominantly compressive stresses with crystallisation of olivine and other megacrystic phases.

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Notes

  1. The compositions of ilmenites are presented in the corresponding tables for the Russian and English online versions of the article on the sites https://elibrary.ru/ and http://link.springer.com/, respectively: ESM_1.xls—Major (EPMA) and trace (LA-ICP-MS) elements composition of ilmenite megacrysts from the Grib kimberlite. ESM_2.xls—Major (EPMA) and trace (LA-ICP-MS) elements composition of ilmenite from peridotite xenoliths from the Grib kimberlite. ESM_3.xls—Major (EPMA) and trace (LA-ICP-MS) elements composition of ilmenite from Kepino kimberlites.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to I.S. Sagaidak, and other colleagues from the Northwestern Regional Fund of Geological Information, Arkhangelsk, for permission and assistance in kimberlite sampling; the corporate management of the Severalmaz OJSC and personally A.S. Galkin, I.S. Zezin for permission to collect kimberlite samples of Arkhangelsk kimberlites and assistance in this. The part of this research was conducted at the Laboratory of Analytical Techniques of High Spatial Resolution, Department of Petrology, Moscow State University. The purchase of the microprobe was financially supported by the Program for Development MSU. Microprobe studies of minerals were assisted by E. Koval’chuk at the IGEM-ANALITIKA Center for Collective Use (IGEM RAS, Moscow). We are grateful to Andrey Girnis and Igor Ashchepkov for their constructive reviews. We thank Irina Nevskaya for efficient editorial handling.

Funding

The study of ilmenite from the Grib kimberlite (Arkhangelsk province) was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-17-00024) and the study of ilmenite from the Kepino kimberlites was supported by the Russian President Grant for State Support of Young Russian Scientists (project no. MK-57.2019.5) to A.K. and E.P.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Kargin, A. A. Nosova, E. V. Peresetskaya & N. M. Lebedeva

  2. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Kargin, A. A. Nosova, E. V. Peresetskaya & N. M. Lebedeva

  3. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    L. V. Sazonova & E. V. Peresetskaya

  4. Central Institute of Geological Exploration for Base and Precious Metals, Moscow, Russia

    Yu. Yu. Golubeva

  5. Vilyui GRE AC ALROSA, Arkhangelsk, Russia

    V. V. Tretyachenko

  6. Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultrahigh-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia

    V. A. Khvostikov & J. P. Burmii

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  1. A. V. Kargin
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  2. A. A. Nosova
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  7. V. V. Tretyachenko
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Correspondence to A. V. Kargin.

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Kargin, A.V., Nosova, A.A., Sazonova, L.V. et al. Ilmenite from the Arkhangelsk Diamond Province, Russia: Composition, Origin and Indicator of Diamondiferous Kimberlites. Petrology 28, 315–337 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591120040050

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