Abstract
Using computer modeling, the current models for sputtering coefficient calculation of the ice surfaces under the impact of H+ ions are statistically analyzed and the sputtering coefficients and their confidence intervals are calculated over a wide range of ion energies. It was established that the approximation model (Fama et al., 2008) with a calculated confidence interval of ±20% is less sensitive to the variable parameters. The sputtering coefficients of water ice p = 0.94, T = 80 K) are calculated under the impact of H+ ions for energies from several eV to 10 keV and the results are verified with experimental data. The maximum sputtering coefficient is 0.9 H2O/ion at the energy of the incident H+ ions of 200 eV. The modeling of the sputtering coefficients dependence of H2O molecules from the ice surface temperature showed that they weakly vary in the temperature range of 40–100 K and increase with an increase in the surface temperature. At maximum of distribution under T = 40–100 K, the sputtering coefficient Y(E = 200 eV) is 0.9 H2O/ion at T = 200 K — 1.1 H2O/ion. The distribution by kinetic energy of the dispersed H2O molecules and H and O atoms are modeled for the energy of 1–100 keV of the incident H+ ions. These results may be applied for modeling of variable isotopic compositions of the exosphere of the Jupiter’s satellites in the course of sputtering. The calculated ratios of the sputtering coefficients of H, D, 18O, and 16O from the surface for the Jupiter’s satellites (Europe, Ganymede, Callisto) under the impact of H+ ions for energy from several eV to 10 keV are (1.7 ± 0.3) × 10−5 and 0.18 ± 0.03, respectively. These ratios are distinct from the initial isotope ratios on the surface of the Jupiter’s satellites. This significant difference may lead to the redistribution of isotopes on the surface of the Jupiter’s satellites. The variation in the D/H ratio on the surface of the Jupiter’s satellites depends on the flux density of the radiated ions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bagenal, F., Dowling, T., and McKinnon, W., Jupiter: the Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004, p. 748.
Baragiola, R.A., Vidal, R.A., Svendsen, W., Schou, J., Shi, M., Bahr, D.A., and Atteberrry, C.L., Sputtering of water ice, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 2003, vol. 209, pp. 294–303.
Barghouty, A.F., Meyer, F.W., Harris, P.R., and Adams, J.H., Jr., Solar-wind protons and heavy ions sputtering of lunar surface materials, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 2011, vol. 269, pp. 1310–1315.
Berger, M.J. and Seltzer, S.M., Tables of energy losses and ranges of electrons and positrons, NASA Publication SP-3012, 1964.
Berish, R., Scattering of Solid by Ion Bombardment, Berlin-New York-Tokyo: Springer Verlag, 1985.
Biersack, J.P., Kaczerowski, W., Ney, J., Rahim, B.K.H., Riccato, A., Thacker, G.R., and Uecker, H., Simulation of 14 MeV neutrons by protons of higher energies, J. Nucl. Mater., 1978, vol. 76/77, p. 640.
Bringa, E.M., Johnson, R.E., and Jakas, M., Moleculardynamics simulation of electronic sputtering, Phys. Rev., 1995, vol. 60, pp. 15107–15116.
Brown, W.L., Augustyniak, W.M., Simmons, E., Marcantonio, K.J., Lanzerotti, L.J., Johnson, R.E., Boring, J.W., Reimann, C.T., Foti, G., and Pirronello, V., Erosion and molecular formation in condensed gas films by electronic energy loss of fast ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 1982, vol. 198, pp. 1–8.
Cassidy, T.A. and Johnson, R.E., Monte Carlo model of sputtering and other ejection processes within a regolith, Icarus, 2005, vol. 176, pp. 499–507.
Cassidy, T., Coll, P., Raulin, F., Carlson, R.W., Johnson, R.E., Loeffler, M.J., Hand, K.H., and Baragiola, R.A., Radiolysis and photolysis of icy satellite surfaces: experiments and theory, Space Sci. Rev., 2010, vol. 115, pp. 299–315. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-009-9625-3.
Cooper, J.F., Johnson, R.E., Mauk, B.H., Garrett, H.B., and Gehrels, N., Energetic ion and electron irradiation of the icy Galilean satellites, Icarus, 2001, vol. 149, pp. 133–159.
Diaconis, P. and Efron, B., Computer intensive methods in statistics, Sci. Amer., 1983, vol. 248, pp. 96–108.
Dukes, C.A., Chang, W.-Y., Fama, M., and Baragiola, R.A., Laboratory studies on the sputtering contribution to the sodium atmospheres of Mercury and the Moon, Icarus, 2011, vol. 212, pp. 463–469.
Eckstein, W., Sputtering by particle bombardment, Top. Appl. Phys., 2007, vol. 110, pp. 33–187.
Fama, M., Shi, J., and Baragiola, R.A., Sputtering of ice by low-energy ions, Surf. Sci., 2008, vol. 602, pp. 156–161.
Johnson, R.E. and Sittler, E.C., Sputter-produced plasma as a measure of satellite surface composition: the Cassini mission, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 1980, vol. 17, pp. 1629–1632.
Johnson, R.E., Electronic sputtering: angular and chargestate dependence of the yield via superposition, J. Phys. Colloq, 1989, vol. 50, pp. 251–257.
Johnson, R.E., Energetic Charged Particle Interaction with Atmospheres and Surfaces, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990, p. 344.
Johnson, R.E., Sputtering and desorption from icy surfaces, Solar Syst. Ices, Dordrecht: WKAP. Astrophys. and Space Sci. Library, 1998, pp. 303–331.
Johnson, R.E., Quickenden, T.I., Cooper, P.D., et al., The production of oxidants in Europa’s surface, Astrobiology, 2003, vol. 3, pp. 823–850.
Johnson, R.E., The magnetospheric plasma-driven evolution of satellite atmospheres, Astrophys. J., 2004a, vol. 609, pp. 99–102.
Johnson, R.E., Carlson, R.W., Cooper, J.F., Paranicas, C., Moore, M.H., and Wong, M.C., Radiation effects on the surface of the Galilean satellites, in Jupiter-the Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, Bagenal, F., Dowling, T., and McKinnon, W.B., Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004b, chapter 20, pp. 485–512.
Johnson, R.E., Fama, M., Liu, M., Baragiola, R.A., Sittler, E.C., Jr., and Smith, H.T., Sputtering of ice grains and icy satellites in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere, Planet Space Sci., 2008, vol. 56, pp. 1238–1243.
Kuskov, O.L., Dorofeeva, V.A., Kronrod, V.A., and Makalkin, A.B., Sistemy Yupitera i Saturna: formirovanie, sostav i vnutrennee stroenie (Jupiter’s and Saturn’s Systems: Formation, Composition and Internal Structure), Moscow: LKI, 2009.
Lanzerotti, L.J., Brown, W.L., Poate, J.M., and Augustyniak, W.M., On the contribution of water products from Galilean satellites to the Jovian magnetosphere, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 1978, vol. 5, pp. 155–158.
Lepoire, D.J., Cooper, B.H., Melcher, C.L., and Tombrello, T.A., Sputtering of SO2 by high energy ions, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 1983, vol. 71, pp. 245–255.
Martynenko, Yu.V., Plasma interaction with a surface, in Itogi nauki i tekhniki. Ser. Fizika plazmy (Results of Science and Technology. Ser. Plasma Physics), Moscow: VINITI, 1982, vol. 3, pp. 119–173.
Pedrys, R., Warczak, B., Schou, J., Stenum, B., and Ellegaard, O., Ejection of molecules from solid deuterium excited by keV electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1987, vol. 79, pp. 3070–3073.
Plainaki, C., Milillo, A., Mura, A., Massetti, S., Orsini, S., and Cassidy, T., Ion sputtering and radiolysis of ice at the Galilean moons, Proc. 10th Hellenic Astron. Conf., Ioannina, Sept. 5–8, 2011, pp. 1–16.
Reimann, C.T., Johnson, R.E., and Brown, W.L., Sputtering and luminescence in electronically excited solid argon, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1984, vol. 53, pp. 600–603.
Schou, J., Stenum, B., Ellegaard, O., Dutkiewicz, L., and Pedrys, R., Sputtering of the most volatile solids: the solid hydrogen, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 1995, vol. 100, pp. 217–223.
Schou, J., Stenum, B., and Pedrys, R., Sputtering of solid deuterium by He-ions, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 2001a, vol. 182, pp. 116–120.
Schou, J. and Pedrys, R., Sputtering of carbon monoxide ice by hydrogen ions, J. Geophys. Res., 2001b, vol. 106, pp. 33309–33314.
Shematovich, V.I., Johnson, R.E., Cooper, J.F., and Wong, M.C., Surface-bounded atmosphere of Europa, Icarus, 2005, vol. 173, pp. 480–498.
Shematovich, V.I., Stochastic models of hot planetary and satellite coronas: atomic oxygen in Europa’s corona), Solar Syst. Res., 2006, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 175–191.
Shematovich, V.I., Ionization chemistry in H2O-dominated atmospheres of icy moons, Solar Syst. Res., 2008, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 473–487.
Sieveka, E. and Johnson, R.E., Thermaland plasmainduced molecular redistribution on the icy satellites, Icarus, 1982, vol. 51, pp. 528–548.
Sigmund, P., Theory of sputtering. I. Sputtering yield of amorphous and polycrystalline targets, Phys. Rev., 1969, vol. 84, pp. 383–416.
Taglauer, E., Beiat, U., Marin, G., and Heiland, W., Inelastic particle-surface collisions, Nucl. Mater, 1976, vol. 63, p. 193.
Westley, M.S., Baragiola, R.A., Johnson, R.E., and Baratta, G.A., Photodesorption from low-temperature water ice in interstellar and circumsolar grains, Nature, 1995, vol. 373, p. 405.
Yamamura, Y., Matsunami, J., and Itoh, N., Radiation effects and defects in solids, Radiat. Eff., 1983, vol. 71, p. 65.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.S. Bronsky, S.N. Shilobreeva, V.I. Shematovich, A.V. Khokhlov, 2015, published in Astronomicheskii Vestnik, 2015, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 273–282.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bronsky, V.S., Shilobreeva, S.N., Shematovich, V.I. et al. Modeling of sputtering of the ice surfaces under impact of H+ ions: Redistribution of the h and o isotopes applied to the satellites of Jupiter. Sol Syst Res 49, 237–246 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094615030028
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094615030028