Abstract
The production of sulfonated resins is of great interest to be applied in different industrial processes such as esterification, etherification, biodiesel production and water treatment. Mathematical models play an important role in process control and optimization, through prediction of process variables and adjustment of parameters. Currently mathematical models for resin sulfonation processes are still scarce in literature. In the present study, mathematical tools were used to build a model that is able to describe the sulfonation process of poly[styrene-co-(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)] particles. The diffusion and rate coefficients were estimated through comparison between the model and the experimental data and presented coherent values. An average activation energy of 170 kJ/mol was obtained for the sulfonation reaction. The results revealed that, for the conditions studied herein, the process is diffusion-controlled and can be represented by the shrinking core model, considering irreversible pseudo-first order reaction for sulfuric acid.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Gu, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, J., and Wang, W., Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 2010, vol. 2559, p. 1385.
Gu, J., Zhang, Q., Dang, J., Yin, C., and Chen, S., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012, vol. 124, p. 132.
Gu, J., Lv, Z., Wu, Y., Zhao, R., Tian, L., and Zhang, Q., Composites, Part A, 2015, vol. 79, p. 8.
Hodge, B.P., Annu. Rep., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1986, p. 283.
Struck, M. and Widdecke, H., Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1996, vol. 235, p. 131.
Kucera, F. and Jancar, J., Polym. Eng. Sci., 1998, vol. 3, p. 783.
Coutinho, F.M.B., Rezende, S.M., and Soares, B.G., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006, vol. 102, p. 3616.
Barlik, N. and Keskinler, B., Water Sci. Technol., 2014, vol. 69, p. 286.
Beauvais, R. and Alexandratos, S.D., React. Funct. Polym., 1998, vol. 36, p. 113.
Lux, S., Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q., 2016, vol. 29, p. 549.
Soto, R., Fité, C., Ramírez, E., Bringué, R., and Cunill, F., Fuel Process. Technol., 2016, vol. 142, p. 201.
Suresh, R., Vakayil, J., Vengalil, R., Elias, G., and Joseph, R., Ind. Crops Prod., 2017, vol. 95, p. 66.
Richter, F.H., Sahraoui, L., and Schüth, F., Chem. Eur. J., 2016, vol. 22, p. 13 563.
Richter, F.H., Meng, Y., Klasen, T., Sahraoui, L., and Schüth, F., J. Catal., 2013, vol. 308, p. 341.
Jiang, S. and Ladewig, B.P., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, vol. 9, p. 38 612.
Tada, H. and Ito, S., Lagmuir, 1997, vol. 7463, p. 3982.
Huang, R.Y.M., Shao, P., Burns, C.M., and Feng, X., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, vol. 82, p. 2651.
Anderson, L.J., Yuan, X., Fahs, G.B., and Moore, R.B., Macromolecules, 2018, vol. 51, p. 6226.
Theodoro, T.R., Dias, J.R., Penariol, J.L., Moura, J.O.V., and Aguiar, L.G., Polym. Adv. Technol., 2018, vol. 29, p. 2759.
Toro, C.A.R.R. and Cuellar, J., Chem. Eng. Trans., 2009, vol. 17, p. 49.
Crank, J., The Mathematics of Diffusion, London: Oxford Univ., 1975, p. 414.
Smith, J.M., Chemical Engineering Kinetics, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
Weaver, L.E. and Carta, G., Biotechnol. Prog., 1996, vol. 12, p. 342.
Helfferich, F. and Plesset, M.S., J. Chem. Phys., 1958, vol. 28, p. 418.
Coutinho, F.M.B., Rezende, S.M., and Soares, B.G., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006, vol. 102, p. 3616.
Fisher, S. and Kunin, R., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1955, vol. 2, p. 7.
Aguiar, L.G., Moura, J.O.V., Theodoro, T.R., Neto, T.G.S., Lopes, V.M.P., and Dias, J.R., Polymer, 2017, vol. 129, p. 21.
Cremasco, M.A., Fundamentos de Transferência de Massa, São Paulo: Blucher, 1998.
Kucera, F. and Jancar, J., Polym. Eng. Sci., 2009, vol. 49, p. 1839.
Levenspiel, O., Chemical Reaction Engineering, Hoboken: Wiley, 1999.
Funding
The authors would like to thank FAPESP (grant no. 2014/22080-9) and CAPES (Finance code: 001) for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Abbreviations: PSDVB, poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene); DVB, divinylbenzene; EGDMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; PSEGDMA, poly(styrene-co-EGDMA); W, water.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Theodoro, T.R., Moura, J.O., Dias, J.R. et al. Mathematical Modeling of Poly[styrene-co-(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)] Sulfonation. Kinet Catal 62, 188–195 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421010092
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158421010092