Abstract—
This paper presents an analysis of wave activity recorded by the MMS satellites during a prolonged dipolarization in the near magnetotail (XGSM ~ –17 RE). It was found that multiple narrow-band, quasi-parallel whistler wave bursts were observed behind the leading front of dipolarization, during the phase of growth of the magnetic field’s BZ component. The durations of wave bursts were ~1–15 s, and the characteristic frequencies ranged from ~0.1 to 0.8 fc (fc is the electron gyrofrequency). Based on a detailed analysis of a single wave burst, it was found that the frequency corresponding to the maximum value of a linear increment of quasi-parallel whistler waves was close in magnitude to the observed frequency, which indicates the possibility of satellite location close to the source of waves. We also demonstrated that, in the case under discussion, the electrons with pitch angles of 125°–135° and energies of ~3–12 keV made a largest contribution to the increment of whistler waves. These observations have shown that, during dipolarizations, the thermal and suprathermal electron populations are most effectively involved in resonant interaction with whistler waves.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Angelopoulos, V., Baumjohann, W., Kennel, C.F., et al., Bursty bulk flows in the inner central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 1992, vol. 97, pp. 4027–4039. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA02701
Nakamura, R., Baumjohann, W., Klecker, B., et al., Motion of the dipolarization front during a flow burst event observed by Cluster, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2002, vol. 29, no. 20, p. 1942. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015763
Runov, A., Angelopoulos, V., Sitnov, M.I., et al., THEMIS observations of an earthward-propagating dipolarization front, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, vol. 36, L14106. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038980
Shiokawa, K., Baumjohann, W., and Haerendel, G., Braking of high-speed flows in the near-Earth tail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1997, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1179–1182.
Nakamura, R., Retino, A., Baumjohann, W., et al., Evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth current sheet induced by Earthward rapid flux transport, Ann. Geophys., 2009, vol. 27, p. 1743. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1743-2009
Grigorenko, E.E., Kronberg, E.A., Daly, P.W., et al., Origin of low proton-to-electron temperature ratio in the Earth’s plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 2016, vol. 121, pp. 9985–10004. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022874
Grigorenko, E.E., Dubyagin, S., Malykhin, A.Yu., et al., Intense current structures observed at electron kinetic scales in the near-Earth magnetotail during dipolarization and substorm current wedge formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2018, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076303
Fu, H.S., Khotyaintsev, Y.V., André, M., and Vaivads, A., Fermi and betatron acceleration of suprathermal electrons behind dipolarization fronts, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2011, vol. 38, L16104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048528
Fu, H.S., Cao, J.B., Khotyaintsev, Yu.V., et al., Dipolarization fronts as a consequence of transient reconnection: In situ evidence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2013, vol. 40, pp. 6023–6027. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058620
Grigorenko, E.E., Kronberg, E.A., and Daly, P., Heating and acceleration of charged particles during magnetic dipolarizations, Cosmic Res., 2017 vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 57–66.
Malykhin, A.Yu., Grigorenko, E.E., Kronberg, E.A., et al., Contrasting dynamics of electrons and protons in the near-Earth plasma sheet during dipolarizations, Ann. Geophys., 2018, vol. 36, pp. 741–760. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-741-2018
Malykhin, A.Yu., Grigorenko, E.E., Kronberg, E.A., et al., Acceleration of protons and heavy ions to suprathermal energies during dipolarizations in the near-Earth magnetotail, Ann. Geophys., 2019, vol. 37, pp. 549–559. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-549-2019
Malykhin, A.Yu., Grigorenko, E.E., Kronberg, E.A., and Daly, P.W., The Effect of the betatron mechanism on the dynamics of superthermal electron fluxes within dipolizations in the magnetotail, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2018, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 744–752. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793218060099
Lui, A.T.Y., Potential plasma instabilities for substorm expansion onsets, Space Sci. Rev., vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 127–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SPAC.0000042942.00362.4e
Grigorenko, E.E., Sauvaud, J.-A., Palin, L., et al., THEMIS observations of the Current Sheet dynamics in response to the intrusion of the high-velocity plasma flow into the near-Earth magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 119, pp. 6553–6568. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019729
Ergun, R.E., Goodrich, K.A., Stawarz, J.E., et al., Large-amplitude electric fields associated with bursty bulk flow braking in the Earth’s plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 120, pp. 1832–1844. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020165
Zhou, M., Ashour-Abdalla, M., Deng, X., et al., Themis observation of multiple dipolarization fronts and associated wave characteristics in the near-Earth magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, vol. 36, L20107. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040663
Deng, X., Ashour-Abdalla, M., Zhou, M., et al., Wave and particle characteristics of earthward injections associated with dipolarization fronts, J. Geophys. Res., 2010, vol. 115, A09225. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015107
Khotyaintsev, Yu.V., Cully, C.M., Vaivads, A., and Andre, M., Plasma jet braking: energy dissipation and nonadiabatic electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2011, vol. 106. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.165001
Viberg, H., Khotyaintsev, Yu.V., Vaivads, A., et al., Whistler mode waves at magnetotail dipolarization fronts, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 119, pp. 2605–2611. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019892
Fu, H.S., Cao, J.B., Cully, C.M., et al., Whistler-mode waves inside flux pileup region: Structured or unstructured?, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 2014, vol. 119, pp. 9089–9100. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020204
Zhang, X. and Angelopoulos, V., On the relationship of electrostatic cyclotron harmonic emissions with electron injections and dipolarization fronts, J. Geophys. Res., 2014, vol. 119, pp. 2536–2549. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019540
Le Contel, O., Roux, A., Jacquey, C., et al., Quasi-parallel whistler mode waves observed by THEMIS during near-Earth dipolarizations, Ann. Geophys., 2009, vol. 27, pp. 2259–2275. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2259-2009
Breuillard, H., Le Contel, O., Retino, A., et al., Multispaceraft analysis of dipolarization fronts and associated whistler wave emissions using mms data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2016, vol. 43, pp. 7279–7286. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069188
Burch, J.L., Moore, T.E., Torbert, R.B., and Giles, B.L., Magnetospheric multiscale overview and science objectives, Space Sci. Rev., 2015, vol. 199, pp. 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0164-9
Torbert, R.B., Russell, C.T., Magnes, W., et al., The FIELDS instrument suite on MMS: Scientific objectives, measurements, and data products, Space Sci. Rev., 2016, vol. 199, pp. 105–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-014-0109-8
Pollock, C., Moore, T., Jacques, A., et al., Fast plasma investigation for magnetospheric multiscale, Space Sci. Rev., 2016, vol. 199, pp. 331–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0245-4
Panov, E.V., Nakamura, R., Baumjohann, W., et al., Multiple overshoot and rebound of a bursty bulk flow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2010, vol. 37, L08103. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL041971
Sagdeev, R.Z.and Shafranov, V.D., On the instability of a plasma with an anisotropic distribution of velocities in a magnetic field, Sov. Phys. JETP, 1961, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 130–132.
Bespalov, P.A., VLF noise intensity modulation by hydromagnetic oscillations, Geomagn. Aeron., 1977, vol. 17, pp. 66–72.
Trakhtengerts, V.Yu. and Rycroft, M.G., Svistovye i al’fvenovskie tsiklotronnye mazery v kosmose (Whistler and Alfvén Cyclotron Masers in the Space), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2011.
Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., Solomon, J., Korth, A., and Kremser, G., Experimental study of the relationship between energetic electrons and ELF waves observed on board GEOS: A support to quasi-linear theory, J. Geophys. Res., 1985, vol. 90, pp. 4141–4154.
Shklyar, D.R., Titova, E.E., Manninen, J., and Romantsova, T.V., Whistler growth rates in the magnetosphere according to measurements of energetic electron fluxes on the Van Allen Probe A satellite, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2020, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 46–57.
Huang, S.Y., Zhou, M., Deng, X.H., et al., Kinetic structure and wave properties associated with sharp dipolarization front observed by Cluster, Ann. Geophys., 2012, vol. 30, pp. 97–107. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-97-2012
Funding
The work of A.Yu. Malykhin was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 19-32-90009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by Yu. Preobrazhensky
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malykhin, A.Y., Grigorenko, E.E. & Shklyar, D.R. MMS Observations of Narrow-Band Quasi-Parallel Whistler Waves in the Flow Braking Region in Near-Earth Magnetotail. Cosmic Res 59, 6–14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952521010044
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0010952521010044