Abstract—Confocal microscopy and colocalization analysis using Pearson correlation coefficients were used to show that esterified chlorin e6 derivatives and their liposomal forms are mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, cell mitochondria, and levels of their localization in lysosomes are low. Cellular uptake and accumulation kinetics of chlorin e6 derivatives were strongly depended on the type of pharmacological formulation used for photosesitizers administration, while intracellular localization was independent on the formulation. Differences in the photodynamic activity and sensitization mechanisms for chlorin e6 derivatives and their liposomal forms were shown when compared to those of chlorin e6 photosensitizers in K562 cells. It is assumed that the observed differences in the mechanisms of cellular damage are to a greater extent due to specific photosensitizer localization.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Y. Li, Y. Yu, L. Kang, and Y. Lu, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 7 (12), 4867 (2014).
A. A. Krasnovskii Jr., in Problems of Regulation in Biological Systems, Ed. By A. B. Rubin (Moscow–Izhevsk, 2006), pp. 223—244 [in Russian].
M. H. Teiten, L. Bezdetnaya, P. Morliere, et al., Br. J. Cancer 88, 146 (2003).
H. Abrahamse, M. R. Hamblin, Biochem. J. 473, 4, 347 (2016).
V. P. Zorin, V. P. Savitskiy, and M. P. Potapnev, Exp. Oncol. 24, 142 (2002).
T. E. Zorina, A. A. Dalidovich, L. N. Marchenko, et al., Oftal’mol. Vost. Evropa 4, 93 (2011).
M. K. Riaz, M. A. Riaz, X. Zhang, et al, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 195 (2018).
L. A. S. Abu and T. Ishida, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 40, 1 (2017).
H. Fischer and H. Orth, Die Chemie des Pyrrolis (Acad. Verlag, 1937).
R. Taylor, J. Liagn. Med. Sonogr. 6, 35 (1990).
A. P. Shpakova, K. S. Pavlova, and T. I. Bulycheva, Immunologiya 2, 20 (2000).
T. E. Zorina, I. V. Yankovsky, I. E. Kravchenko, et al., Biophysics (Moscow) 60, 759 (2015).
V. P. Zorin, I. I. Khludeyev, T. E. Zorina, et al., Proc. SPIE. Lazer Use in Oncology II 4059, 139 (2000).
V. P. Zorin, I. I. Khludeev, and T. E. Zorina, Biophysics (Moscow) 45, 305 (2000).
E. Bastein, R. Schneider, S. Hackbarth, et al., Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 14, 2203 (2015).
V. P. Savitskii, V. P. Zorin, M. P. Potapnev, and A. Ya. Potapenko, Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 138 (2), 158 (2004).
V. P. Savitskii, Candinate’s Dissertation in Biology (Minsk, 2008).
V. P. Zorin, I. S. Mikhalovsky, T. E. Zorina, et al., Biofizika 40, 328 (1995).
I. O. Basselar, T. M. Tsubone, C. Pavani, and M. S. Baptista, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16, 20523 (2015).
J. Wu, Q. Xiao, Na Zhang, et al., Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 15 (2016).
Funding
This study was supported by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Basic Research, project no. B17-106.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Translated by M. Novikova
Abbreviations: PS, photosensitizer; Chl e6, chlorin e6; DChl e6, esterified derivatives of chlorin e6; DME, dimethyl ester of chlorin e6; TME, trimethyl ester of chlorin e6; LF, liposomal form; DMPC, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, FCS, fetal calf serum; PCC, Pearson correlation coefficient; CMXRos, chloromethyl-X-rosamine.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zorina, T.E., Yankovsky, I.V., Yakovets, I.V. et al. Intracellular Localization and Phototoxicity Mechanisms of Chlorin e6 Derivatives and their Liposomal Formulations. BIOPHYSICS 64, 533–542 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350919040250
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006350919040250