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Role of Lipids in Regulation of Neuroglial Interactions

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Abstract

Lipids comprise an extremely heterogeneous group of compounds that perform a wide variety of biological functions. Traditional view of lipids as important structural components of the cell and compounds playing a trophic role is currently being supplemented by information on the possible participation of lipids in signaling, not only intracellular, but also intercellular. The review article discusses current data on the role of lipids and their metabolites formed in glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) in communication of these cells with neurons. In addition to metabolic transformations of lipids in each type of glial cells, special attention is paid to the lipid signal molecules (phosphatidic acid, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, cholesterol, etc.) and the possibility of their participation in realization of synaptic plasticity, as well as in other possible mechanisms associated with neuroplasticity. All these new data can significantly expand our knowledge about the regulatory functions of lipids in neuroglial relationships.

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Abbreviations

Apo:

apolipoprotein

AA:

arachidonic acid

CNS:

central nervous system

DGK:

diglycerol kinase

LPs:

lipoproteins

OLs:

oligodendrocytes

PA:

phosphatidic acid

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Funding

The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 075-15-2020-921, dated 13.11.2020) within the framework of the project of the NCMU Pavlovsk Center “Integrative Physiology – Medicine, High-Tech Healthcare and Stress Resistance Technologies”, direction: “Biological and Social Foundations of Inclusion”.

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  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Olga V. Galkina, Oleg V. Vetrovoy, Irina E. Krasovskaya & Nataliya D. Eschenko

  2. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Oleg V. Vetrovoy

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  1. Olga V. Galkina
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O. V. Galkina, O. V. Vetrovoy, I. E. Krasovskaya, N. D. Eschenko – wrote the manuscript; O. V. Galkina – analyzed publications; N. D. Eschenko, O. V. Vetrovoy – substantially contributed to the study concept and design; O. V. Galkina, O. V. Vetrovoy – prepared visual materials; I. E. Krasovskaya – edited the manuscript.

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Galkina, O.V., Vetrovoy, O.V., Krasovskaya, I.E. et al. Role of Lipids in Regulation of Neuroglial Interactions. Biochemistry Moscow 88, 337–352 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297923030045

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