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The Role of Lipids in Implementing Specific Functions in the Central Nervous System

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Abstract—

The review is devoted to the features of lipid composition of the brain and the description of specific functions of lipids in ensuring the activity of the nervous system. Lipids are an extremely heterogeneous group of molecules, which leads to a wide variety of biological functions they perform. Implementing the functions of the central nervous system, including the processes of learning, memory, decision-making, and regulation of the functions of other organs (both direct and mediated by the endocrine glands), is achieved by the great variety of pathways for the release of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, their reception, and action potential generation and propagation. All this, in turn, is determined by the lipid composition of membranes, the presence of particular fatty acids in the lipid composition, as well as lipid metabolism. This review will focus on the role of lipids in neurons.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 075-15-2020-921 of 13.11.2020) in the framework of the Project of World-class research center Pavlov Center “Integrative Physiology to Medicine, High-Tech Healthcare and Technologies of Stress Resistance,” section “Biological and Social Basis of Inclusion.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    O. V. Galkina, O. V. Vetrovoy & N. D. Eschenko

  2. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    O. V. Vetrovoy

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  2. O. V. Vetrovoy
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  3. N. D. Eschenko
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Correspondence to O. V. Galkina.

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This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by E. Makeeva

The article is published based on the materials of the report presented at the conference “Lipids 2021” (Moscow, October 11–13, 2021). Abbreviations: CL, cardiolipins; LP, lipoproteins; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; PL, glycerophospholipids; PI, phosphoinositides; PC, phosphatidylcholines; PE, phosphatidylethanolamines; PI4P, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate; PI(4,5)P, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate; 22:4 (n-6), arachidonic acid; 22:6 (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid.

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Galkina, O.V., Vetrovoy, O.V. & Eschenko, N.D. The Role of Lipids in Implementing Specific Functions in the Central Nervous System. Russ J Bioorg Chem 47, 1004–1013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1068162021050253

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