Skip to main content
Log in

Feminine Sexuality and the Work of the Negative

  • Article
  • Published:
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Aims and scope

Abstract

The present paper discusses the intricate development of feminine sexuality by drawing on the ideas of André Green. The paper’s main argument is that feminine sexuality is unique in being dependent on the creation of a representation of an internal empty space (as an ontological entity). This takes place through “the work of the negative” and involves an instinctual movement of “double reversal,” by which the drive directed at the object helps the subject establish their own body as a source of pleasure. The author will argue that the combination of these two processes, defined in this paper as “the work of the feminine,” is a prerequisite of the subject’s capacity to structure themselves as having a sense of internal abundance, vitality, and power that is grounded in a receptive sexual position that is relevant to both sexes. The paper will conclude by presenting clinical material demonstrating how “the work of the feminine” manifests in the way the vagina is represented in feminine sexuality. As an afterthought, the paper will describe Green’s unique contribution in relation to Winnicott’s contribution and to the different ways in which these two authors address the manner in which the subject comes to dwell in their body.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abram, J. (2000). A kind of French Winnicott. In J. Abram (Ed.), Andre Green at the squiggle foundation (p. XI–XVIII). London: Karnac Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, J. (1988). Bonds of love: Psychoanalysis, feminism and the problem of domination. London: Virago Press. 1990.

  • Birksted-Breen, D. (1993). General introduction. In The gender conundrum: Contemporary psychoanalytic perspectives on femininity and masculinity (pp. 1–42). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birksted-Breen, D. (1996). Phallus, penis, and mental space. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77, 649–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chasseguet-Smirgel, J. (1976). Freud and female sexuality: The consideration of some blind spots in the exploration of the ‘Dark Continent.’ International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 57, 275–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Duparc, F. (1996). André Green. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1887–1904). The complete letters from Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fleiss 1887–1904. J. M. Masson (Ed. & Trans). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

  • Freud, S. (1895). Project for a scientific psychology. Standard Edition, Vol. 1, (pp. 295–343). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Standard Edition, Vol. 7, (pp. 135–243). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1915). Instincts and their vicissitudes. Standard Edition, Vol. 14, (pp. 117–140). London Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1924). The economic problem of masochism. Standard Edition, Vol. 19, (pp. 155–170). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1925a). Some psychical consequences of the anatomic distinction between the sexes. Standard Edition, Vol. 19, (pp. 241–258). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1925b). Negation. Standard Edition, Vol. 19, (pp. 235–230). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1926). The question of lay analysis. Standard Edition, Vol. 20, (pp. 177–258). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1931). Female sexuality. Standard Edition, Vol. 21, (pp. 223–245). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1933). New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. Standard Edition, Vol. 22, (pp. 1–182). London: Hogarth.

  • Ghent, E. (1990). Masochism, submission, surrender—masochism as a perversion of surrender. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 26, 108–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granek, M. (2012). ‘The dead mother’ is alive and well. In M. Granek (Ed.), The dead mother; Dialogue with “the dead mother.” Tolaat Sfarim: Tel Aviv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, R. (1955). The Greek myths. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A. (1966–1967). Primary narcissism: Structure or state? In Life narcissism, death narcissism. (pp. 48–90). London: Free Association London: Free Association Books. 2001.

  • Green, A. (1972). Aggression, femininity, paranoia, and reality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 53, 205–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A. (1979). Le silence du psychanalyste. In La folie privée. (pp. 317–346). Paris: Gallimard. 1990.

  • Green, A. (1980). The dead mother. K. Aubertin (Trans). In On private madness (pp. 142–173). London: Hogarth Press. 1986.

  • Green, A. (1993). The work of the negative. London: Free Association Books. 1999.

  • Green, A. (1995). Has sexuality anything to do with psychoanalysis? International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 76, 871–883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A. (1997). The intuition of the negative in Playing and Reality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 78, 1071–1084.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A. (2005). Key ideas for a contemporary psychoanalysis: Misrecognition and recognition of the unconscious. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A. (2010). Sources and vicissitudes of being in D.W. Winnicott’s work. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 79(1), 11–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. (1991). Gender as contradiction. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 1(2), 197–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horney, K. (1924). On the genesis of the castration complex in women. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 5, 50–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horney, K. (1926). The flight from womanhood. In Feminine psychology. H. Kelman, (Ed.). (pp. 54–70). New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1967.

  • Horney, K. (1930). The distrust between the sexes. In Feminine psychology. H. Kelman (Ed.). (pp. 107–118). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1967.

  • Horney, K. (1932). The dread of women. In Feminine psychology. (pp. 133–146). H. Kelman, (Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1967.

  • Horney, K. (1933a). The denial of the vagina. In Feminine psychology. (pp. 147–161). H. Kelman, (Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1967.

  • Horney, K. (1933b). Maternal conflicts. In Feminine psychology. (pp. 175–181). H. Kelman, (Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1967.

  • Horney, K. (1935). The problem of feminine masochism. In Feminine psychology. (pp. 214–233). H. Kelman, (Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1967.

  • Jones, E. (1927). The early development of female sexuality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 8, 459–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. (1935). Early female sexuality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 16, 263–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. (1955). The life & work of Sigmund Freud. Volume 2, Years of maturity, 1901–1919. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1928). Early stages of the Oedipus conflict. In Contributions to psychoanalysis: 1921–1945. (pp. 202–214). London: The Hogarth Press. 1950.

  • Klein, M. (1932). The effects of early anxiety situations on the sexual development of the girl. In Psychoanalysis of children (pp. 194–239). New York: Free Press. 1986.

  • Klein, M. (1945). The Oedipus Complex in the light of early anxieties. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 26, 11–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1957). Envy and gratitude. In M. M. R. Khan (Ed.), Envy and gratitude and other works 1946–1963. (pp. 176–235). London: The Hogarth Press. 1975.

  • Kristeva, J. (1982). Powers of horror: An essay on abjection. L. S. Roudiez (Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press.

  • Mitchell, J. (1974). Psychoanalysis and feminism. New York: Pantheon. 2000.

  • Musker, J., Clements, R. (Directors) & Musker, J., Ashman, H. (Producers). (1989). The little mermaid. [Feature Length Animated Film]. Walt Disney Productions, USA.

  • Ogden, T. (1977). On becoming a subject. Subjects of analysis (pp. 1–12). New York: Jason Aaronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, T. (1989). The primitive edge of experience. New York: Jason Aaronson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Triest, Y. (2013). Sexuality and its unique role in establishing the psychoanalytic subject in terms of body-ego and object-ego. Ma’arag, 4, 137–176. [Hebrew]

  • Winnicott, D.W. (1949). Mind and its relation to the psyche-soma. In Collected papers: Through paediatrics to psychoanalysis (pp. 243–254). London: Tavistock. 1958.

  • Winnicott, D.W. (1956). Primary Maternal Preoccupation. In Collected papers: Through paediatrics to psychoanalysis (pp. 300–305). London: Tavistock. 1958.

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1960). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. The maturational processes and the facilitating environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development (pp. 140–152). London: Karnac Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D.W. (1963). Communicating and not communicating leading to a study of certain opposites. In The maturation processes and the facilitating environment. Studies in the theory of emotional development. (pp. 179–192). London: Hogarth. 1965.

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1971a). Creativity and its origins. In Playing and reality (pp. 65–85). London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1971b). Mirror-role of mother and family in child development. In Playing and reality (pp. 111–118). London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1971c). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. In Playing and reality (pp. 1–25). London: Tavistock Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. G. E. M. Anscombe (Trans.), Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1974.

  • Žižek, S. (2002). Passions of the real, passions of semblance. In Welcome to the desert of the real: Five essays on September 11 and related dates (pp. 5–32). London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to my teachers and colleagues at the Tel-Aviv Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis. To Gisèle Vered, Dr. Isabelle Benhamou, Noemi Bronfman Huler and Alice Buras for their inspiring thinking, and to Haya Marton, Dorit Levin, Shlomit Meir and Liel Tzvieli for their important comments. I would also like to thank Dr. Josef Triest for his contribution.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aya Zaidel Aboody.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Aya Zaidel Aboody, Psychanalyst, Tel-Aviv Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis; Clinical Psychologist, M.A.; Ph.D. student in the Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Psychoanalysis, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University.

Address correspondence to Aya Zaidel Aboody, M.A. Eliyau Hanavi St. 20, Modiin 7172233, Israel. Email: aya.zaidel@gmail.com

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aboody, A.Z. Feminine Sexuality and the Work of the Negative. Am J Psychoanal 82, 112–143 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s11231-022-09341-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s11231-022-09341-2

Keywords

Navigation