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Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by porphyrin and potassium iodide co-encapsulation in micelles

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Abstract

Photodynamic inactivation of bacterial and fungal pathogens is a promising alternative to the extensive use of conventional single-target antibiotics and antifungal agents. The combination of photosensitizers and adjuvants can improve the photodynamic inactivation efficiency. In this regard, it has been shown that the use of potassium iodide (KI) as adjuvant increases pathogen killing. Following our interest in this topic, we performed the co-encapsulation of a neutral porphyrin photosensitizer (designated as P1) and Kl into micelles and tested the obtained nanoformulations against the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The results of this study showed that the micelles containing P1 and Kl displayed a better photodynamic performance towards C. albicans than P1 and Kl in solution. It is noteworthy that higher concentrations of Kl within the micelles resulted in increased killing of C. albicans. Subcellular localization studies by confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that P1 was localized in the cell cytoplasm, but not in the nuclei or mitochondria. Overall, our results show that a nanoformulation containing a photosensitizer plus an adjuvant is a promising approach for increasing the efficiency of photodynamic treatment. Actually, the use of this strategy allows a considerable decrease in the amount of both photosensitizer and adjuvant required to achieve pathogen killing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

    Kelly A. D. F. Castro, Juliana C. Biazzotto & Roberto S. da Silva

  2. Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

    Guilherme T. P. Brancini & Gilberto Ú. L. Braga

  3. LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Leticia D. Costa, M. Amparo F. Faustino, Augusto C. Tomé & M. Graca P. M. S. Neves

  4. CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Adelaide Almeida

  5. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael R. Hamblin

  6. Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, 2028, Doornfontein, South Africa

    Michael R. Hamblin

Authors
  1. Kelly A. D. F. Castro
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  2. Guilherme T. P. Brancini
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  3. Leticia D. Costa
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  4. Juliana C. Biazzotto
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  5. M. Amparo F. Faustino
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  6. Augusto C. Tomé
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  7. M. Graca P. M. S. Neves
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  8. Adelaide Almeida
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  9. Michael R. Hamblin
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  10. Roberto S. da Silva
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  11. Gilberto Ú. L. Braga
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto S. da Silva.

Additional information

Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/ d0pp00085j

These authors jointly supervised this work.

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Castro, K.A.D.F., Brancini, G.T.P., Costa, L.D. et al. Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by porphyrin and potassium iodide co-encapsulation in micelles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 19, 1063–1071 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/d0pp00085j

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d0pp00085j

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