Abstract
Di-nuclear [{(NN)(CO)3Re}2(trans-bpe)](PF6)2 complexes, NN = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (ph2phen) or 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl2phen) and trans-bpe = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Irradiation of acetonitrile solutions led to 1H NMR and UV-visible spectral changes ascribed to trans-to-cis photoisomerization processes showing that the presence of another Re(i)-moiety does not preclude the photoisomerization process. Quantum yields for the di-nuclear isomerization of [{(ph2phen)(CO)3Re}2(trans-bpe)]2+ were higher than those for the corresponding mono-nuclear compound process. Additionally, the higher quantum yield obtained with 254 nm irradiation for [{(Cl2phen)(CO)3Re}2(trans-bpe)]2+ showed, for the first time, that the singlet pathway could also be accessed in addition to the usually observed triplet one. The luminescence in fluid solution observed for the [{(NN)(CO)3Re}2(cis-bpe)]2+ complexes is able to efficiently photosensitize the generation of singlet O2.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. S. Wrighton, D. L. Morse, L. Pdungsap, Intraligand lowest excited states in tricarbonylhalobis(styrylpyridine)rhenium(I) complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97 (8), 2073–2079.
V. W. W. Yam, V. C. Y. Lau, L. X. Wu, Synthesis, photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties of rhenium(I) diimine complexes with photoisomerizable pyridyl-azo, -ethenyl or -ethyl ligands, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, (9), 1461–1468.
M. K. Itokazu, A. S. Polo, D. L. A. De Faria, C. A. Bignozzi, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Syntheses and spectroscopic characterization of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(L)]PF6, L = trans- and cis-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2001, 313 (1–2), 149–155.
K. M. Frin, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Photoinduced isomerization and luminescence of fac-[Re(CO)3(ph2phen)(bpe)]+, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2006, 17 (8), 1664–1671.
K. P. M. Frin, M. K. Itokazu, N. Y. Murakami Iha, 1H NMR spectroscopy as a tool to determine accurate photoisomerization quantum yields of stilbene-like ligands coordinated to rhenium(I) polypyridyl complexes, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2010, 363, 294–300.
O. S. Wenger, L. M. Henling, M. W. Day, J. R. Winkler, H. B. Gray, Photoswitchable Luminescence of Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Diimines, Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43 (6), 2043–2048.
A. S. Polo, M. K. Itokazu, K. M. Frin, A. O. de Toledo Patrocínio, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Light driven trans-to-cis isomerization of stilbene-like ligands in fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(trans-L)]+ and luminescence of their photoproducts, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2006, 250 (13–14), 1669–1680.
A. S. Polo, M. K. Itokazu, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Photoinduced luminescence of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(stpy)]+ in CH3CN and PMMA, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 2006, 181 (1), 73–78.
A. O. T. Patrocínio, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Photoswitches and luminescent rigidity sensors based on fac-[Re(CO)3(Me4phen)(L)]+, Inorg. Chem., 2008, 47 (23), 10851–10857.
K. P. M. Frin, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Modulation of trans-to-cis photoisomerization and photoluminescence of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene or 4-styrylpyridine coordinated to fac-tricarbonyl(5-chloro-1,10-phenathroline)rhenium(I), Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2011, 376 (1), 531–537.
J.-L. Lin, C.-W. Chen, S.-S. Sun, A. J. Lees, Photoswitching tetranuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complexes with a stilbene-like bridging ligand, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47 (21), 6030–6032.
K. P. M. Frin, K. P. S. Zanoni, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Optomechanical trans-to-cis and cis-to-trans isomerization and unusual photophysical behavior of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(CNstpy)]+, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2012, 20, 105–107.
K. P. S. Zanoni, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Reversible trans [right left harpoons] cis photoisomerizations of [Re(CO)3(ph2phen)(stpyCN)]+ towards molecular machines, Dalton Trans., 2017, 46 (30), 9951–9958.
D. M. Dattelbaum, M. K. Itokazu, N. Y. Murakami Iha, T. J. Meyer, Mechanism of metal-to-ligand charge transfer sensitization of olefin trans-to-cis isomerization in the fac-[ReI(phen)(CO)3(1,2-bpe)]+ cation, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2003, 107 (20), 4092–4095.
M. Busby, P. Matousek, M. Towrie, A. Vlček Jr., Ultrafast excited-state dynamics preceding a ligand trans-cis isomerization of fac-[Re(Cl)(CO)3(t-4-styrylpyridine)2] and fac-[Re(t-4-styrylpyridine)(CO)3(2,2′-bipyridine)]+, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2005, 109 (13), 3000–3008.
A. O. T. Patrocinio, M. K. Brennaman, T. J. Meyer, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Excited-State Dynamics in fac-[Re(CO)3(Me4phen)(L)]+, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114 (46), 12129–12137.
A. Vlček Jr., Ultrafast excited-state processes in Re(I) carbonyl-diimine complexes: From excitation to photochemistry, Top. Organomet. Chem., 2010, 29, 73–114.
A. O. T. Patrocinio, K. P. M. Frin, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Solid State Molecular Device Based on a Rhenium(I) Polypyridyl Complex Immobilized on TiO2 Films, Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52 (10), 5889–5896.
L. A. Faustino, A. E. Hora Machado, A. O. T. Patrocinio, Photochemistry of fac-[Re(CO)3(dcbH2)(trans-stpy)]+: New Insights on the Isomerization Mechanism of Coordinated Stilbene-like Ligands, Inorg. Chem., 2018, 57 (5), 2933–2941.
M. Kayanuma, C. Daniel, H. Köppel, E. Gindensperger, Photophysics of isomerizable Re(I) complexes: A theoretical analysis, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2011, 255 (21), 2693–2703.
M. Kayanuma, E. Gindensperger, C. Daniel,, Inorganic photoisomerization: the case study of rhenium(I) complexes, Dalton Trans., 2012, 41 (42), 13191–13203.
M. Kayanuma, C. Daniel, E. Gindensperger, Spectroscopic trends in a series of Re(I) α-diimine complexes as a function of the antenna/photoisomerizable ligands: a TD-DFT and MS-CASPT2 study, Can. J. Chem., 2014, 92 (10), 979–986.
C. Daniel, C. Gourlaouen, Chemical bonding alteration upon electronic excitation in transition metal complexes, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2017, 344, 131–149.
M. K. Itokazu, A. S. Polo, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Luminescent rigidochromism of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(cis-bpe)]+ and its binuclear complex as photosensors, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 2003, 160 (1–2), 27–32.
M. K. Itokazu, A. S. Polo, N. Y. Murakami Iha, Light driven isomerization of coordinated ligand and modulation of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(trans-bpe)]PF6 photoluminescence in rigid media, Int. J. Photoenergy, 2001, 3 (3), 143–146.
M. R. Gonçalves, K. P. M. Frin, Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and electrochemical properties of fac-tricarbonyl(4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium(I) complexes, Polyhedron, 2015, 97, 112–117.
L. Wallace, D. P. Rillema, Photophysical properties of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes containing alkyl- and aryl-substituted phenanthrolines as ligands, Inorg. Chem., 1993, 32 (18), 3836–3843.
L. D. Ramos, H. M. D. Cruz, K. P. M. Frin, Photophysical properties of rhenium(I) complexes and photosensitezed generation of singlet oxygen, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16 (4), 459–466.
B. J. Yoblinski, M. Stathis, T. F. Guarr, Ligand-bridged rhenium(I) complexes: An electrochemical and photophysical study, Inorg. Chem., 1992, 31 (1), 5–10.
K. P. M. Frin, R. M. de Almeida, Mono- and di-nuclear Re(I) complexes and the role of protonable nitrogen atoms in quenching emission by hydroquinone, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16 (8), 1230–1237.
L. Sacksteder, A. P. Zipp, E. A. Brown, J. Streich, J. N. Demas, B. A. DeGraff, Luminescence studies of pyridine α-diimine rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes, Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29 (21), 4335–4340.
R. R. Ye, C. P. Tan, M. H. Chen, L. Hao, L. N. Ji, Z. W. Mao, Mono- and Dinuclear Phosphorescent Rhenium(I) Complexes: Impact of Subcellular Localization on Anticancer Mechanisms, Chem.–Eur. J., 2016, 22 (23), 7800–7809.
J. V. Caspar, T. J. Meyer, Application of the energy gap law to nonradiative, excited-state decay, J. Phys. Chem., 1983, 87 (6), 952–957.
A. J. Lees, Luminescence properties of organometallic complexes, Chem. Rev., 1987, 87 (4), 711–743.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Brazilian agencies Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP/Grant 2016/21993-6, 2017/07289-7, 2017/18063-0) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Grant 454971/2014-1), and the Multiuser Central Facilities and Complexo Laboratorial Nanotecnológico (CLN) at UFABC and the Laboratory of Photochemical and Energy Conversion at Instituto de Química USP for experimental support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morelli Frin, K.P., da Rocha, D.C., Mamud, J.F. et al. Photoisomerization of di-nuclear rhenium(i) bpe-based compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 1443–1449 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00274f
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00274f