Abstract
Systemic injection of a photosensitizer is a general method in photodynamic therapy, but it has complications due to the unintended systemic distribution and remnants of photosensitizers. This study focused on the possibility of suppressing luminal proliferative cells by excessive reactive oxygen species from locally delivered photosensitizer with biocompatible polyurethane, instead of the systemic injection method. We used human bladder cancer cells, hematoporphyrin as the photosensitizer, and polyurethane film as the photosensitizer-delivering container. The light source was a self-made LED (510 nm, 5 mW cm−2) system. The cancer cells were cultured on different doses of hematoporphyrin-containing polyurethane film and irradiated with LED for 15 minutes and 30 minutes each. After irradiating with LED and incubating for 24 hours, cell viability analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assay, intracellular and extracellular ROS generation study and western blot were performed. The cancer cell suppression effects of different concentrations of the locally delivered hematoporphyrin with PDT were compared. Apoptosis dominant cancer cell suppressions were shown to be hematoporphyrin dose-dependent. However, after irradiation, intracellular ROS amounts were similar in all the groups having different doses of hematoporphyrin, but these values were definitely higher than those in the control group. Excessive extracellular ROS from the intended, locally delivered photosensitizer for photodynamic treatment application had an inhibitory effect on luminal proliferative cancer cells. This method can be another possibility for PDT application on contactable or attachable lesions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. H. Epstein, Semin. Cutaneous Med. Surg., 1999, 18, 274–284.
M. A. Koo, B. J. Kim, M. H. Lee, B. J. Kwon, M. S. Kim, G. M. Seon, D. Kim, K. C. Nam, K. Wang, Y. R. Kim and J. C. Park, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 28448–28457.
C. A. Robertson, D. H. Evans and H. Abrahamse, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 2009, 96, 1–8.
T. J. Dougherty, C. J. Gomer, B. W. Henderson, G. Jori, D. Kessel, M. Korbelik, J. Moan and Q. Peng, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1998, 90, 889–905.
D. E. Dolmans, D. Fukumura and R. K. Jain, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2003, 3, 380–387.
M. Ochsner, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 1997, 39, 1–18.
M. L. Davila, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics, 2011, 21, 67–79.
P. Baas, I. van Mansom, H. van Tinteren, F. A. Stewart and N. van Zandwijk, Lasers Surg. Med., 1995, 16, 359–367.
S. Perni, C. Piccirillo, J. Pratten, P. Prokopovich, W. Chrzanowski, I. P. Parkin and M. Wilson, Biomaterials, 2009, 30, 89–93.
Z. Y. Yang, H. Li, Y. P. Zeng, Y. H. Hao, C. Liu, J. Liu, W. D. Wang and R. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 24218–24228.
Y. T. Yang, C. T. Chen, J. C. Yang and T. Tsai, AAPS J., 2010, 12, 138–146.
J. Xu, F. Zeng, H. Wu, C. Yu and S. Wu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 9287–9296.
R. R. Allison and K. Moghissi, Clin. Endosc., 2013, 46, 24–29.
K. Zerdin and A. D. Scully, Photochem. Photobiol., 2010, 86, 1109–1117.
A. Mangera, N. I. Osman and C. R. Chapple, Surgery, 2013, 31, 319–325.
P. Khandelwal, S. N. Abraham and G. Apodaca, Am.J. Physiol.: Renal Physiol., 2009, 297, F1477–F1501.
C. Mendelsohn, Organogenesis, 2009, 5, 306–314.
R. M. Weiss, S. Guo, A. Shan, H. Shi, R. A. Romano, S. Sinha, L. G. Cantley and J. K. Guo, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2013, 24, 618–626.
I. Zardawi and P. Chong, Urol. Case Rep., 2016, 7, 33–36.
C. M. Brendel, Master of Science, University of Akron, 2009.
M. S. Christman, J. O. L’Esperance, C. H. Choe, S. P. Stroup and B. K. Auge, BJU Int., 2010, 105, 866–869; discussion 868-869.
R. C. Srivastava, V. D. Anand and W. R. Carper, Appl. Spectrosc., 1973, 27, 444–449.
A. A. Antoniewicz, G. Alivizatos, L. Zapala and T. M. de Reijke, Expert Rev. Med. Devices, 2011, 8, 139–147.
L. Brancaleon and H. Moseley, Lasers Med. Sci., 2002, 17, 173–186.
A. Gomes, E. Fernandes and J. L. Lima, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 2005, 65, 45–80.
K. Fukuzawa, K. Matsuura, A. Tokumura, A. Suzuki and J. Terao, Free Radical Biol. Med., 1997, 22, 923–930.
M. Krieg, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 1993, 27, 143–149.
R. P. Rastogi, S. P. Singh, D. P. Hader and R. P. Sinha, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2010, 397, 603–607.
P. Wang, F. Qin, Z. Zhang and W. Cao, Opt. Express, 2015, 23, 22991–23003.
Y. Seto, H. Ohtake, M. Kato and S. Onoue, Toxicol. In Vitro, 2016, 34, 113–119.
V. A. Patel, A. Longacre, K. Hsiao, H. Fan, F. Meng, J. E. Mitchell, J. Rauch, D. S. Ucker and J. S. Levine, J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 4663–4670.
E. Brauchle, S. Thude, S. Y. Brucker and K. Schenke-Layland, Sci. Rep., 2014, 4, 4698.
D. R. Green and J. C. Reed, Science, 1998, 281, 1309–1312.
H. H. Szeto, AAAPS J., 2006, 8, E521–E531.
H. H. Szeto, AAAPS J., 2006, 8, E277–E283.
S. Zhou, Y. Wang and J. J. Zhu, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 7674–7682.
K. Webb, W. Li, R. W. Hitchcock, R. M. Smeal, S. D. Gray and P. A. Tresco, Biomaterials, 2003, 24, 4681–4690.
H. Choi, W. Lim, J. E. Kim, I. Kim, J. Jeong, Y. Ko, J. Song, S. You, D. Kim, M. Kim, B. K. Kim and O. Kim, Photomed. Laser Surg., 2009, 27, 453–460.
Y. J. Hsieh, J. S. Yu and P. C. Lyu, J. Cell. Biochem., 2010, 111, 821–833.
A. P. Castano, T. N. Demidova and M. R. Hamblin, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2004, 1, 279–293.
G. Bauer, Anticancer Res., 2014, 34, 1467–1482.
M. Riethmuller, N. Burger and G. Bauer, Redox Biol., 2015, 6, 157–168.
J. Ovrevik, M. Refsnes, M. Lag, J. A. Holme and P. E. Schwarze, Biomolecules, 2015, 5, 1399–1440.
M. W. Berns, A. Dahlman, F. M. Johnson, R. Burns, D. Sperling, M. Guiltinan, A. Siemens, R. Walter, W. Wright, M. Hammer-Wilson and A. Wile, Cancer Res., 1982, 42, 2325–2329.
R. M. Bohmer and G. Morstyn, Cancer Res., 1985, 45, 5328–5334.
M. Kajstura, H. D. Halicka, J. Pryjma and Z. Darzynkiewicz, Cytometry, Part A, 2007, 71, 125–131.
G. Kroemer, L. Galluzzi, P. Vandenabeele, J. Abrams, E. S. Alnemri, E. H. Baehrecke, M. V. Blagosldonny, W. S. El-Deiry, P. Golstein, D. R. Green, M. Hengartner, R. A. Knight, S. Kumar, S. A. Lipton, W. Malorni, G. Nunez, M. E. Peter, J. Tschopp, J. Yuan, M. Piacentini, B. Zhivotovsky and G. Melino, Cell Death Differ., 2009, 16, 3–11.
G. Kroemer and J. C. Reed, Nat. Med., 2000, 6, 513–519.
M. H. Lee, D. W. Han, S. H. Hyon and J. C. Park, Apoptosis, 2011, 16, 75–85.
J. Qin, H. G. Chen, Q. Yan, M. Deng, J. Liu, S. Doerge, W. Ma, Z. Dong and D. W. Li, Cancer Res., 2008, 68, 4150–4162.
A. Strasser, L. O’Connor and V. M. Dixit, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 2000, 69, 217–245.
A. Juarranz, P. Jaen, F. Sanz-Rodriguez, J. Cuevas and S. Gonzalez, Clin. Transl. Oncol., 2008, 10, 148–154.
M. Ochsner, Arzneim.-Forsch., 1997, 47, 1185–1194.
P. Zimcik and M. Miletin, Ceska Slov. Farm., 2004, 53, 219–224.
X. Feng, D. Jiang, T. Kang, J. Yao, Y. Jing, T. Jiang, J. Feng, Q. Zhu, Q. Song, N. Dong, X. Gao and J. Chen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 17817–17832.
X. Ma, Q. Qu and Y. Zhao, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7, 10671–10676.
L. Shan, in Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD), National Center for Biotechnology Information (US), Bethesda (MD), 2004.
H. Wang, R. L. Han, L. M. Yang, J. H. Shi, Z. J. Liu, Y. Hu, Y. Wang, S. J. Liu and Y. Gan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 4416–4423.
T. Kiesslich, D. Neureiter, G. W. Wolkersdorfer, K. Plaetzer and F. Berr, Future Oncol., 2010, 6, 1925–1936.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundatio (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT of the Korean government (No. 2015M3A9E2028643).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, D., Lee, M.H., Koo, MA. et al. Suppression of T24 human bladder cancer cells by ROS from locally delivered hematoporphyrin-containing polyurethane films. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 763–772 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00424a
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00424a