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Photochemical internalization of bleomycin and temozolomide — in vitro studies on the glioma cell line F98

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Abstract

Here we evaluate the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorin disulphonate (TPCS2a) in survival studies of rat glioma cancer cells in combination with the novel photochemical internalization (PCI) technique. The tested anticancer drugs were bleomycin (BLM) and temozolomide (TMZ). Glioma cells were incubated with TPCS2a (0.2 μg ml−1, 18 h, 37 °C) before BLM or TMZ stimulation (4 h) prior to red light illumination (652 nm, 50 mW cm−2). The cell survival after BLM (0.5 μm)-PCI (40 s light) quantified using the MTT assay was reduced to about 25% after 24 h relative to controls, and to 31% after TMZ-PCI. The supplementing quantification by clonogenic assays, using BLM (0.1 μm), indicated a long-term cytotoxic effect: the surviving fraction of clonogenic cells was reduced to 5% after light exposure (80 s) with PCI, compared to 70% in the case of PDT. In parallel, structural and morphological changes within the cells upon light treatment were examined using fluorescence microscopy techniques. The present study demonstrates that PCI of BLM is an effective method for killing F98 glioma cells, but smaller effects were observed using TMZ following the “light after” strategy. The results are the basis for further in vivo studies on our rat glioma cancer model using PDT and PCI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway

    Odrun A. Gederaas, Anette Hauge & Tora Bardal

  2. Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Anette Hauge, Pål G. Ellingsen & Mikael Lindgren

  3. Department of Arctic Geophysics, The University Centre in Svalbard, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Norway

    Pål G. Ellingsen

  4. Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310, Oslo, Norway

    Kristian Berg

  5. Altin BioTrix, Finn Bergs Veg 3, N-7022, Trondheim, Norway

    Dag Altin

  6. PCI Biotech AS, Strandvegen 55, N-1366, Lysaker, Oslo, Norway

    Anders Høgset

  7. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Tora Bardal

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  1. Odrun A. Gederaas
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Correspondence to Odrun A. Gederaas.

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Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00144g

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Gederaas, O.A., Hauge, A., Ellingsen, P.G. et al. Photochemical internalization of bleomycin and temozolomide — in vitro studies on the glioma cell line F98. Photochem Photobiol Sci 14, 1357–1366 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5pp00144g

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