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Diagnostic value of multiparametric MRI in detecting residual or recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound

  • Article
  • Clinical Research
  • Published:
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of follow-up multiparametric MRI for prediction of recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and to find other, if any, clinical or radiological predictors.

Materials and methods

Post-HIFU MRIs of 110 consecutive patients who underwent follow-up biopsies between August 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the likelihood of recurrence was assessed on a five-point Likert scale by two board-certified uroradiologists. Diagnostic performance of the Likert scale assigned to the post-HIFU MRI was assessed using the follow-up biopsy results as a reference standard. Among the clinical and radiological variables, predictors of the recurrence were examined through logistic regression.

Results

In per-patient and per-sector analyses, Likert scale on post-HIFU MRI showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.37 and 0.97, and 0.42 and 0.87, respectively, in predicting recurrence. Two patients with high suspicion on MRI required additional treatment to regain biochemical control despite negative biopsies. High suspicion on post-HIFU MRI (odds ratio = 1.74; p < 0.01), and more cancer-positive cores on initial biopsy (odds ratio = 1.25; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of recurrence.

Conclusion

Albeit with low sensitivity, high suspicion on post-HIFU MRI may be clinically important because of its high specificity, especially when considering the possibility of sampling error in biopsies. Patients with a high number of cancer-positive cores at diagnosis should avoid HIFU as they have an increased risk of recurrence.

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Fig. 1: Post-HIFU MRI of two patients who underwent whole-gland HIFU for bilateral ISUP grade group 2 prostate cancer.
Fig. 2: Post-HIFU MRI of a 69-year-old patient who underwent right hemilobe HIFU for unilateral ISUP grade group 3 prostate cancer.
Fig. 3: ROC curves of each sequence of mutiparametric MRI in the prediction of recurrent PCa.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Hyungwoo Ahn, Sung Il Hwang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

    Hyungwoo Ahn & Sung Il Hwang

  2. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

    Taek Min Kim

  3. Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Program in Nano Science and Technology, Seongnam, Korea

    Hak Jong Lee

  4. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

    Gheeyoung Choe

  5. Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

    Sung Kyu Hong, Seok-Soo Byun & Hakmin Lee

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  1. Hyungwoo Ahn
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Contributions

HA, SIH, and HL conceived and planned the experiments. GC, SKH, SB, and HL contributed to sample preparation. HA, SIH, and HJL carried out the experiments. HA and TMK contributed to the analysis of the results. HA and SIH took the lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided feedback in shaping the research, analysis and manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hakmin Lee.

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Ahn, H., Hwang, S.I., Kim, T.M. et al. Diagnostic value of multiparametric MRI in detecting residual or recurrent prostate cancer after high-intensity focused ultrasound. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 26, 360–366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-022-00531-8

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