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Potential phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of esophagus cancer: A green therapeutic approach

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Abstract

Globally, esophagus cancer (EC) is one of the most frequently reported malignancies and leading cause of deaths. Currently, different treatment methods are available like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery or their combination. These treatment strategies are not enough and are often associated with adverse side effects. The alternate treatment option like phytochemicals have come up with ease of bioavailability and cost-effectiveness. Due to general acceptance, lower side effects, safety and pleiotropic effect, phytochemicals can be used as an adjuvant treatment for alleviating side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Phytochemicals perform multiple functions; release cytochrome-c, loss mitochondrial membrane potential, down-regulate expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins, activate caspases, p53, inhibit Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, phosphorylate NF-κB, STAT3 and PI3K. The knowledge compiled here encompasses anti-EC phytochemicals, their occurrence, bioavailability therapeutic effects and mechanism of action by targeting several genes and signaling pathways. Overall, the clinical data compiled on phytochemicals against EC is not sufficient and need future research to provide additional insights for developing potential anticancer drugs in pharma industries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi, Javed Iqbal, Sitara Bibi, Tariq Mahmood, Sheeza Bashir & Farhat Gul

  2. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China

    Riaz Ahmad

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Sub-Campus, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Sobia Kanwal

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Safia Hameed

Authors
  1. Banzeer Ahsan Abbasi
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  2. Javed Iqbal
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  3. Riaz Ahmad
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  4. Sitara Bibi
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  5. Tariq Mahmood
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  6. Sobia Kanwal
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  7. Sheeza Bashir
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  8. Farhat Gul
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  9. Safia Hameed
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Correspondence to Javed Iqbal.

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Abbasi, B.A., Iqbal, J., Ahmad, R. et al. Potential phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of esophagus cancer: A green therapeutic approach. Pharmacol. Rep 71, 644–652 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.001

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.001

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