Abstract
Phytopharmaceutical products are being used in the treatment and prevention of health problems. Nowadays, the development and evaluation of novel pharmaceutical products is expensive and time consuming. A statistical approach is a good tool for optimal development processes. Nectandra falcifolia (Nees) J.A. Castigl. ex Mart. Crov. & Piccinini, Lauraceae, a Brazilian species, is reported as anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmanial and anti-microbial. However, there is little known about its chemical composition. For other species of Nectandra genus, the presence of antioxidant compounds is reported. In order to optimize the process of obtaining extract with high antioxidant activity, different extraction conditions were tested following a statistical approach. Two sequential experimental designs were used–first, a factorial 23 design, followed by central composite 22. The extracts manufactured by these experimental statistical matrixes had their antioxidant activity and phenolic contents quantified and the response surface plots were fitted in quadratic models and they predicted the best extraction condition for the best antioxidant activity. This standardized extract and its antioxidant activity were better evaluated by two complementary tests (ABTS and Burst respiratory). A topical formulation containing 1% (w/w) of standardized extract was prepared and used for an in vivo skin permeation study using a two-dose application. The photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to analyze the samples from the permeation study and the composition profile of standardized extract. In rat skin samples, the data demonstrated that for the higher dose of topical formulation (5 g/cm2), the standardized extract could cross skin and be seen in epidermis and dermis. This was not the case for the lower dose (2 g/cm2) which was only present in the epidermis. This information suggests that this novel standardized extract of N. falcifolia could be explored for skin damage prevention or treatment for diseases developed by oxidative damage.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude for financial support to CAPES and CNPq, to LEPEMC-UEM for UV-spectrometer and to COMCAP-UEM for the photoacoustic spectrometer availabilities.
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FBBP, LMT contributed in running the laboratory work and analysis. FBBP, MCTT, AD contributed in the drafting of the data and in the writing of the manuscript. MCTT and AD supervised the laboratory work and contributed to critical reading of the manuscript. FY contributed to the experimental design analysis. ACN and MLB contributed to the photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis. LH contributed to the permeation analysis. KLB and DSB contributed to the complementary antioxidative activity assays. All the authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.
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Borghi-Pangoni, F.B., Tunin, L.M., Bonifácio, K.L. et al. Nectandra falcifolia: potential phytopharmaceutical for skin damage protection designed by statistical approach and characterized by photoacoustic spectroscopy. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 25, 284–291 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.02.012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.02.012