Abstract
The study of plant secondary metabolites, now designated as specialized metabolites, is motivated by multiple scientific objectives, ranging from bioprospecting for bioactive molecules to answering ecological and evolutionary questions. This paper provides a constructive commentary on chemosystematics, or chemotaxonomy, and chemophenetic analyses to follow these objectives. Discussion of the outcomes of these types of studies and the recent progress in understanding the occurrence and variability of plant metabolites at different spatiotemporal scales is presented. It is also demonstrated that chemosystematics and chemophenetics are not conflicting or mutually exclusive, but they should be used for specific purposes, particularly in the context of understanding ecological and evolutionary relationships between taxa and chemical variability among them. We also demonstrate that inter-specimen studies benefit from chemophenetic and α chemodiversity indices that help to interpret the outcome of ecological and bioprospective studies in the context of space, time, and spatiotemporal scales. Furthermore, at the population level, β and γ chemodiversity indices are useful to address the influence of spatiotemporal scales, in addition to other ecological pressures.
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This research was funded by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico e Inovação) — Brazil, CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) — Brazil, FAPERJ (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) — Brazil, and PROEP (Programa de Excelência em Pesquisa) — CNPq (407845/2017-8).
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YJR and DLM designed the study; YJR, JGGS, DBM, and JSF collected data and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; YJR, RPC, and DLM completed the main content of the manuscript; and RPC, NJS, and DLM participated in revising the manuscript. All authors have read the final manuscript and approved its submission.
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Ramos, Y.J., Gouvêa-Silva, J.G., de Brito Machado, D. et al. Chemophenetic and Chemodiversity Approaches: New Insights on Modern Study of Plant Secondary Metabolite Diversity at Different Spatiotemporal and Organizational Scales. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 33, 49–72 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00327-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00327-w