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Saline extract of Portulaca elatior leaves with photoprotective and antioxidant activities does not show acute oral and dermal toxicity in mice

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate saline extracts from the leaves (LE) and stem (SE) of Portulaca elatior in relation to their phytochemical composition and photoprotective and antioxidant effects, as well as to evaluate the toxicity of the leaf extract. The extracts were characterized for protein concentration and phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as for thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities were determined. In the photoprotective activity assay, the sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated. The toxicity evaluation of LE included in vitro hemolytic assay and in vivo oral and dermal acute toxicity assays in Swiss mice. LE showed the highest protein, phenol, and flavonoid (8.79 mg/mL, 323.46 mg GAE/g, and 101.96 QE/g, respectively). TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenes, and steroids in both extracts. In HPLC profiles, LE contained flavonoids, while SE contained flavonoids and ellagic tannins. The antioxidant activity assays showed the lowest IC50 values ​(34.15–413.3 µg/mL) for LE, which presented relevant SPF (> 6) at 50 and 100 µg/mL. LE demonstrated low hemolytic capacity, and no signs of intoxication were observed in mice treated orally or topically at 1000 mg/kg. However, at 2000 mg/kg, an increase in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and a reduction in lymphocytes were observed; animals treated topically with 2000 mg/kg displayed scratching behavior during the first hour of observation and showed edema and erythema that regressed after six days. In conclusion, LE did not present acute oral or dermal toxicity in Swiss mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg and showed slight toxicity in animals treated with 2000 mg/kg.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financial support (407192/2018–2) and investigator research grants (PMGP and THN). We are also grateful to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES; Finance Code 001) and the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE: APQ 0108–2.08/14) for financial support. SPS would like to thank CAPES for the graduate scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva, Clarice Barbosa Lucena da Costa, Anderson Felipe Soares de Freitas, José Dayvid Ferreira da Silva, Wêndeo Kennedy Costa, Wênio Sandoval Filho Lima da Silva, Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto, Márcia Vanusa da Silva, Alisson Macário de Oliveira, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva & Thiago Henrique Napoleão

  2. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado, Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira & Luiz Alberto Lira Soares

  3. Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Sandra Maria Souza da Silva

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  1. Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva
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da Silva, S.P., da Costa, C.B.L., de Freitas, A.F.S. et al. Saline extract of Portulaca elatior leaves with photoprotective and antioxidant activities does not show acute oral and dermal toxicity in mice. Toxicol Res. 39, 179–190 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-022-00160-2

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