Abstract
Nanotechnology applications and the harmful effects of nanoparticles dispersed in atmospheric air are currently under discussion. In this case, we can cite applications in different areas such as: filtration, health effects studies, exposure chamber studies; engine exhaust research and measuring indoor air quality. Considering the variety of products made of nanoparticles available on the market, there is a need to produce and characterize a monodisperse flow. The objective of this study was to generate a monodisperse nano aerosol using a nano-differential mobility analyzer (Nano-DMA) and to estimate empirical models to describe the monodisperse nanoparticle distribution. For this purpose, a theoretical balance based on Wiedensohler’s equilibrium charge distribution used to predict values for the aerosol input and output as a function of particle diameter is proposed. In order to correct the obtained profiles, an inverse problem is proposed and solved by using the Differential Evolution (ED) algorithm and empirical models. The experimental results showed that the Nano-DMA reached the goals proposed. From the numerical point of view, the obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed methodology to estimate the monodisperse nanoparticle concentration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alonso M, Kousaka Y (1996) Mobility shift in the differential mobility analyzer due to Brownian di!usion and space-charge e!ects. J Aerosol Sci 27:1201–1225
Alonso M, Alguacil FJ, Kousaka Y (1999) Space–charge effects in the differential mobility analyzer. J Aerosol Sci.
Biskos G (2004) Theoretical and experimental investigation of the differential mobility spectrometer. Universidade de Cambridge, Tese (Doutorado)
Brunelli NA, Flagan RC, Giapis KP (2009) Radial differential mobility analyzer for one nanometer particle classification. Aerosol Sci Technol 43:53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820802464302
Cai R, Chen DR, Hao J, Jiang J (2017) A miniature cylindrical differential mobility analyzer for sub-3 nm particle sizing. J Aerosol Sci 106:111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.01.004
Camata RP, Atwater HÁ, Flagan RC (2001) Space-charge effects in nanoparticle processing using the differential mobility analyzer. J Aerosol Sci.
Chen D-R, Pui DYH, Hummes D, Fissan H, Quant FR, Sem GJ (1997) Design and evaluation of a nanometer aerosol differential mobility analyzer (Nano-DMA), J Aerosol Sci 29:497–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10018-0
Dalcin MG (2013) Generation of monodisperse nanoparticles in gaseous flow. Federal University Uberlândia. Brazil. Doctoral thesis.
Dalcin MG, Nunes DM, Damasceno JJR, Arouca FO (2014) Materials Science Forum 802:197–202. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.802.197
Ferreira AJ, Cemlyn-Jones J, Cordeiro CR (2013) Nanoparticles, nanotechnology and pulmonary nanotoxicology. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 19(1): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppneu.2012.09.003
Figueiredo M (2012) Medição/detecção de nanopartículas suspensas no Ar ambiente. Enciclopédia Biosfera, Centro Científico Conhecer, Goiânia 8(15):1845–1865
Flagan RC (2008) Differential mobilityanalysis of aerosols: a tutorial. Kona Powder Part J 26
Fuchs NA (1964) The mechanics of aerosols. Science 146:1033–1034 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3647.1033-b
Gonzalez D, Nasibulin AG, Jiang H, Queipo P (2007) Electrospraying of ferritin solutions for the production of monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Eng Comm 194:901–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986440701215531
Hagwood C, Sivathanu Y, Mulholland G (1999) The DMA transfer function with brownian motion a trajectory/monte-carlo approach. Aerosol Sci Technol 30:40–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/027868299304877
Hewitt GW (1957) The charging of small particles for electrostatic precipitation. Am Inst Elect Eng Trans 76:300–306. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.1957.6372672
Intra P, Tippayawong N (2008a) Analysis of brownian difusion effect on nanometer aerosol classification in electrical mobility spectrometer. J Chin Inst Chem Eng.
Intra P, Tippayawong N (2008b) An overview of differential mobility analyzers for size classification of nanometer-sized aerosol particles. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 30(2): 243–256
Jiang J, Attoui M, Heim M, Brunelli NA, McMurry PH, Kasper G, Flagan RC, Giapis K, Mouret G (2011) Transfer functions and penetrations of five differential mobility analyzers for sub-2 nm particle classification. Aerosol Sci Technol 45:480–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2010.546819
Karlsson MNA, Martinsson BG (2003) Methods to measure and predict the transfer function size dependence of individual DMAs. J Aerosol Sci 34: 603–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00020-X
Kauffeldt Th, Kleinwechter H, Schmidt-Ott A (1995) Absolute on-line measurement of the magnetic moment 0f aerosol particles. Chem Eng Commun 151(1):169–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936547
Kievit O, Weiss M, Verheijen PJT, Marijnissen JCM, Scarlett B (1995) The on-line chemical analysis of single particles using aerosol beams and time of flight mass spectrometry. Chem Eng Commun 151(1):79–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936543
Knight M, Petrucci GA (2003) Study of residual particle concentrations generated by the ultrasonic nebulization of deionized water stored in different container types. Anal Chem 75:4486–4492. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac034355n
Knutson E, Whitby K (1975) Aerosol classification by electric mobility: apparatus, theory, and applications. J Aerosol Sci USA 6:443–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(75)90060-9
Lee H, You S, Pikhitsa PV, Kim J, Kwon S, Woo CG, Choi M (2011) Three-dimensional assembly of nanoparticles from charged aerosols. Nano Lett. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl103787k
Lenggoro IW, Xia B, Okuyama K (2002) Sizing of colloidal nanoparticles by electrospray and differential mobility analyzer methods. Langmuir 18:4584–4591. https://doi.org/10.1021/la015667t
Liu B, Pui D (1974) Electrical neutralization of aerosols. J Aerosol Sci 5:465–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(74)90086-X
Liu B, Pui D (1974) Equilibrium bipolar charge distribution of aerosols. J Coll Interface Sci 49:305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(74)90366-X
Liu B, Pui D (1975) On the performance of the electrical aerosol analyzer. J Aerosol Sci 6:249–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(75)90093-2
Lüönd F, Schlatter J (2013) Improved monodispersity of size selected aerosol particles with a new charging and selection scheme for tandem DMA setup. J Aerosol Sci 62:40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.03.013
Nanda K, Kruis F (2014) A radial differential mobility analyzer for the size-classification of gas-phase synthesized nanoparticles at low pressures. Meas Sci Technol 25:75605–75615. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/25/7/075605
Pui DYH, Chen DR (1997) Nanometer particles: a new frontier for multidisciplinary research. J Aerosol Sci 28:539–554
Ramechecandane S, Beghein C, Allard F, Bombardier P (2011) Modelling ultrafine/nano particle dispersion in two differential mobility analyzers (M-DMA and L-DMA). Build Environ 46: 2255–2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.05.005
Rosati JA, Leith D, Kim CS (2003) Aerosol Sci Technol 37:528–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820390126358
Seol K, Yabumoto J, Takeeuchi K (2002) A differential mobility analyzer with adjustable column length for wide particle size range measurements. J Aerosol Sci 33:1481–1492
Seto T, Kawakami Y, Suzuki N, Hirasawa M, Aya N (2001) Laser synthesis of uniform silicon single nanodots. Nano Lett 6:315–318. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl015530n
Shang Y, Hua C, Xu W, Hu X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Cao A (2016) Meter-long spiral carbon nanotube fibers show ultrauniformity and flexibility. Nano Lett. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04773
Shi J, Votruba AR, Farokhzad OC, Langer R (2010) Nanotechnology in drug delivery and tissue engineering: from discovery to applications. Nano Lett 10:3223–3230. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102184c
Shu J, Wilson KR, Arrowsmith AN, Ahmed M, Leone SR (2005) Light scattering of ultrafine silica particles by VUV synchrotron radiation. Nano Lett 5(6). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl050315i
Song DK, Lee HM, Chang H, Kim SS, Shimada M, Okuyama K (2006) Performance evaluation of long differential mobility analyzer (LDMA) in measurements of nanoparticles. J Aerosol Sci 37: 598–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.06.003
Stolzenburg D, Steiner G, Winkler PM (2017) A DMA-train for precision measurement of sub-10 nm aerosol dynamics. Atmos Meas Tech 10:1639–1651. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1639-2017
Storn R, Price K (1995) Differential evolution—a simple and efficient adaptive scheme for global optimization over continuous spaces. J Glob Optim 23:1–12
Vicente R (1980) Determinação, pelo Método da Chama de Sódio, da Eficiência de Filtros Absolutos de Ar, para Retenção de Aerossóis. Universidade de São Paulo.
Wang SC, Flagan RC (1989) Scanning electrical mobility spectrometer. J Aerosol Gel 20(8):1485–1488
Weber RJ, Marti JJ, McMurry PH, Eisele FL, Tanner DJ, Jefferson A (1996) Measured atmospheric new particle formation rates: implications for nucleation mechanisms. Chem Eng Comm 151:53–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936541
Whitby KT, Clark WE (1966) Electric aerosol particle counting and size distribution measuring system for the 0.05 to 1 um size range. Tellus 18:573–586
Wiedensohler A (1988) An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range. J Aerosol Sci 19: 387–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(88)90278-9
Winklmayr W, Reischl GP, Lindner AO, Berner A (1991) A new electromobility spectrometer for the measurement of aerosol size distribution in the size range from 1 to 1000 nm. J Aerosol Sci 22(3):289–296
Zhang SH, Akutsu Y, Russell LM, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH (1995) Radial differential mobility analyzer. Aerosol Sci Technol 23(3):357–372
Zhao ZM, Pfeffer R (1995) A semi-empirical approach to predict the total collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators. Chem Eng Commun 148–150(1):315–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936522
Zhao ZM, Tardos GI, Pfeffer R (1991) Separation of airborne dust in electrostatically enhanced fibrous filters. Chem Eng Commun 108(1):307–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986449108910964
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to CAPES, CNPq and FAPEMIG for their financial support for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Camargo, E.C.M., Lobato, F.S., Damasceno, J.J.R. et al. Experimental and numerical study of monodisperse nanoparticles concentration in a nano-differential mobility analyzer. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 38, 389–401 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00105-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43153-021-00105-6