Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Dose-Dependent Protective Effect of Hygrophila auriculata Seeds on Cyproterone Acetate-Induced Testicular Dysfunction

  • Reproductive Biology: Original Article
  • Published:
Reproductive Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Infertility affects 15% of global population. This study was designed to search out the most effective dose of chloroform fraction of hydro-ethanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata seed to ameliorate cyproterone acetate (CPA)-treated male subfertility. The rats were made subfertile by CPA at the dose of 2.5 mg/100gm body weight for 45 days. The male subfertility represented by low sperm concentration, less motile, less viable, and less hypo osmotic tail swelled spermatozoa in CPA-treated group. Serum LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were significantly decreased in CPA-treated group in respect to control. Androgenic key enzyme Δ5,3β-HSD, 17β-HSD activities and gene expression pattern were also decreased significantly in respect to control. These antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities of CPA were significantly recovered after the treatment of Hygrophila auriculata at the dose of 2.5 mg, 5mg, and 10 mg/100gm body weight. CPA also generate oxidative free radical that indicated by altered catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activities and protein expression pattern along with conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in testis. Expression pattern of Bax and Bcl2 genes were deviated from control after CPA treatment. Significant diminution of body weight, organo-somatic indices, and SGOT, SGPT activities were observed in CPA-treated group. All these biomarkers significantly recovered towards control after the treatment of Hygrophila auriculata at different doses. More significant recovery was observed in 5 mg and 10 mg of chloroform fraction-treated group and 5 mg dose, i.e., the minimum therapeutic dose to recover the CPA-induced subfertility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kumar N, Singh A. Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: a review of literature. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2015;8:191–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.170370.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Paul D, Mallick C, Ali KM, Nandi DK, Ghosh D. Duration dependent effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of leaf of S. hernandifolia and root of A. aspera on testicular androgenic and gametogenic activity: an approach for male herbal contraceptive development - Open Access Library. Int J of Appl Nat Prod. 2009;2:1–10. https://www.oalib.com/paper/2590093#.Yh5s2KtBy5c

    Google Scholar 

  3. Benagiano G, Carrara S, Filippi V. Sex and reproduction: an evolving relationship. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;16:96–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmp028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Singh V, Nettemu S, Nettem S, Hosadurga R, Nayak S. Oral health and erectile dysfunction. J of Hum Reprod Sci. 2017;10:162. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_87_17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tripathy A, Ghosh A, Dey A, Pakhira BP, Ghosh D. Attenuation of the cyproterone acetate-induced testicular hypofunction by a novel nutraceutical lycopene: a genomic approach. Andrologia. 2016;49:e12709. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nantia EA, Moundipa PF, Monsees TK, Carreau S. Medicinal plants as potential male anti-infertility agents: a review. Basic Clin Androl. 2009;19:148–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12610-009-0030-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Palermo G, Joris H, Derde M-P, Camus M, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem A. Sperm characteristics and outcome of human assisted fertilization by subzonal insemination and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Int J of Gynecol Obstet. 1994;44:93–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(94)90035-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Van Steirteghem A, Tournaye H, Van der Elst J, Verheyen G, Liebaers I, Devroey P. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection three years after the birth of the first ICSI child. Hum Reprod. 1995;10:2527–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Neumann F. Pharmacology and potential use of cyproterone acetate. HormMetab Res. 1977;9:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1093574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ghosh C, Mallick C. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata seeds in cyproterone acetate-induced sexual dysfunction in male albino rats. Andrologia. 2019;52 https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13482.

  11. Chauhan NS, Sharma V, Dixit VK. Effect of Asteracantha longifolia seeds on the sexual behavior of male rats. Nat Prod Res. 2011;25:1423–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802588493.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nadkarni AK. Dr. KM Nadkarni’s Indian materiamedica: with Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, allopathic, homeopathic, naturopathic & home remedies, appendices & indexes. India: Popular Prakashan; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  13. MadhavBahadurKarki RJ, Asia I. Tribal folk medicinal plant resources of South Asia: report of the South Asia conference on tribal folk medicinal plant resources, September 4-6, 1996, Tirupati, India. Canada: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program In Asia, International Development Research Centre; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Beentje HJ, Watve A, Molur S. Hygrophila schulli. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229999

  15. On C. Health Implication of Obesity. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. United States: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Insititutes of Health; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  16. World Health Organization, editor. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. World Health Organization, Cop; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ramu S, Jeyendran RS. The hypo-osmotic swelling test for evaluation of sperm membrane integrity. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;927:21–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-038-0_3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jarabak J, Adams JA, Williams-Ashman HG, Talalay P. Purification of a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of human placenta and studies on its transhydrogenase function. J of Biol Chem. 1962;237:345–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93926-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Talalay P. [69] Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: hydroxysteroid + DPN + (TPN+) ⇄Ketosteroid DPNH (TPNH) + H+. Methods Enzymol. 1962;5:512–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(62)05269-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Karvonen MJ, Malm M. Colorimetric determination of fructose with indol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1955;7:305–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365515509134669.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rat T(testosterone) ELISA kit. FineTest ELISA kit. Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd. Published August 26, 2019. https://www.fn-test.com/content/uploads/product/manuals/elisa/ER1462.pdf Accessed January 2, 2021.

  22. Rat LH(luteinizing hormone) ELISA kit. FineTest ELISA kit. Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd. Published August 26, 2019. https://www.fn-test.com/content/uploads/product/manuals/elisa/ER1123.pdf Accessed January 2, 2021.

  23. Rat FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) ELISA kit. FineTest ELISA Kit. Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd. Published August 26, 2019. https://www.fn-test.com/content/uploads/product/manuals/elisa/ER0960.pdf Accessed January 2, 2021.

  24. Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 1972;47:389–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90132-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Maehly AC. The assay of catalases and peroxidases. In Glick D (ed.) Methods of Biochemical Analysis. 1954:357–424. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470110171.ch14.

  26. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1984;21(2):130–2. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/19932

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ. Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue. Nat Protoc. 2009;5:51–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2009.197.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Castro D, Contreras LM, Kurz L, Wilkesman J. Detection of guaiacol peroxidase on electrophoretic gels. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1626:199–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7111-4_18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Devasagayam TPA, Boloor KK, Ramasarma T. Methods for estimating lipid peroxidation: an analysis of merits and demerits. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2003;40:300–8. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3805

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Fu PC. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem. 1974;20:470–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.4.470.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J ClinPathol. 1957;28:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Slaoui M, Fiette L. Histopathology procedures: from tissue sampling to histopathological evaluation. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;691:69–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2_4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sokal RR, Rohle FJ. Introduction to analysis of variance. New York: Biometry. WH Freeman and Company; 1997. p. 179–206.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ali J, Ansari S, Kotta S. Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs. Pharmacogn Rev. 2013;7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.112832.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Wakelin SH. In: Wakelin SH, Maibach HI, Archer CB, editors. Systemic drug treatment in dermatology: a handbook. Manson Publishing; 2002.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Jameson JL, De Groot LJ. Endocrinology: adult and pediatric e-book. 7th ed. Saunders; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Moltz L, Römmler A, Post K, Schwartz U, Hammerstein J. Medium dose cyproterone acetate (CPA): effects on hormone secretion and on spermatogenesis in men. Contraception. 1980;21:393–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-7824(80)80017-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Turcu A, Smith JM, Auchus R, Rainey WE. Adrenal androgens and androgen precursors—definition, synthesis, regulation and physiologic actions. Compr Physiol. 2014;4:1369–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c140006.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Ramaswamy S, Weinbauer GF. Endocrine control of spermatogenesis: role of FSH and LH/ testosterone. Spermatogenesis. 2014;4:e996025. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565562.2014.996025.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Malarvizhi D, Mathur PP. Effects of cisplatin on testicular functions in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1996;34:995–8. https://europepmc.org/article/med/9055653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Mallick C, Bera TK, Ali KM, Chatterjee K, Ghosh D. Diabetes-induced testicular disorders vis-a-vis germ cell apoptosis in albino rat: remedial effect of hexane fraction of root of Musa paradisiaca and leaf of Coccinia indica. J Health Sci. 2010;56:641–54. https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.56.641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ahmed M, Al-Daghri N, Alokail M, Hussain T. Potential changes in rat spermatogenesis and sperm parameters after inhalation of Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii incense. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:830–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030830.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Ray S, Chatterjee K, De D, Ghosh D. Bioefficacy of hydromethanolic extract of tuber of Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli) for the management of male infertility in cyproterone acetate-treated albino rats. Andrologia. 2013;46:659–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shpakov AO, Ryzhov JR, Bakhtyukov AA, Derkach KV. The regulation of the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and testosterone production by adipokines. AdvTesto Act. 2018:25–57. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76321.

  45. Jana K, Jana N, De DK, Guha SK. Ethanol induces mouse spermatogenic cell apoptosis in vivo through over-expression of Fas/Fas-L, p53, and caspase-3 along with cytochrome c translocation and glutathione depletion. Mol Reprod Dev. 2010;77:820–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.21227.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Dare BJ, Chukwu RO, Oyewopo O, et al. Histological integrity of the testis of adult Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) treated with Garcinia kola. Reprod Syst Sex Disord. 2012(1):4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-038x.1000113.

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Vidyasagar University authority for providing us research facilities to conduct this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India

    Chaitali Ghosh, Ratnabali Maity, Aaishi Roy & Chhanda Mallick

Authors
  1. Chaitali Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ratnabali Maity
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aaishi Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chhanda Mallick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

CG: Investigation; data curation; formal analysis; software; writing, original draft; writing, review and editing.

RM: Data curation; formal analysis; writing—review and editing.

AR: Data curation; formal analysis; writing—review and editing.

CM: Conceptualization; data curation; investigation; methodology; software; supervision; writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chhanda Mallick.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghosh, C., Maity, R., Roy, A. et al. Dose-Dependent Protective Effect of Hygrophila auriculata Seeds on Cyproterone Acetate-Induced Testicular Dysfunction. Reprod. Sci. 30, 3359–3371 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01279-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01279-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation