Abstract
The previously reported works e.g., E-LEACH, and RCH-LEACH have proposed energy-efficient CH selection methods with coverage enhancement and varying numbers of overall CH nodes in a network. To further improve the performance, the stable CH selection method, i.e., SCH-LEACH is proposed with unexpended energy of nodes. The SCH-LEACH improves the overall lifetime of the network with minimal energy consumption. However, SCH-LEACH compromises the overall throughput of the network. The throughput analysis shows that the throughput of SCH-LEACH is lower than LEACH, E-LEACH, and RCH-LEACH. Therefore, in the proposed work, the extension of the optimal stable number of cluster head selection method is proposed, i.e., OSCH-LEACH, for reliable data transmission and a maximal lifetime of the network. The proposed work analyzes the Kopt selection for the optimal selection of CHs. The simulation results prove the superiority of the proposed protocol in terms of throughput, lifetime, FND, and LND.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tsai T, Huang C, Chang C, Hussain MA. Design of wireless vision sensor network for smart home. IEEE Access. 2020;8:60455–67.
Mabrouki J, Azrour M, Dhiba D, Farhaoui Y, Hajjaji SE. IoT based data logger for weather monitoring using Arduino-based wireless sensor networks with remote graphical application and alerts. Big Data Min Anal. 2021;4(1):25–32.
Xu F, Ye H, Yang F, Zhao C. Software defined mission-critical wireless sensor network: architecture and edge offloading strategy. IEEE Access. 2019;7:10383–91.
Behera TM, Mohapatra SK, Samal UC, Khan MS, Daneshmand M, Gandomi AH. Residual energy-based cluster-head selection in WSNs for IoT application. IEEE Int Things J. 2019;6(3):5132–9.
Clare L, Pottie G, Agre J. “Self-organizing distributed sensor networks,” Proc. SPIE Conf. Unattended Ground Sensor Technologies and Applications,” 1999;229–237.
Mody S, Mirkar S, Ghag R, Kotecha P. “Cluster Head Selection Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks Using Machine Learning,” 2021 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation (ComPE), Shillong, India, 2021; 445–450. https://doi.org/10.1109/ComPE53109.2021.9752264.
Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. “Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks,” Proc. of 33rd Annual Hawaii Inter. Conf. on Syst. Sci. 2000;1–10.
Leu J, Chiang T, Yu M, Su K. Energy efficient clustering scheme for prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor network with isolated nodes. IEEE Commun Lett. 2015;19(2):259–62.
Younis O, Fahmy S. HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput. 2004;3(4):366–79.
Panchal A, Singh RK. “RCH-LEACH: residual energy based cluster head selection in LEACH for wireless sensor networks,” 2020 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICE3). 2020;322–325.
Ding P, Holliday J, Celik A. “Distributed energy-efficient hierarchichal clustering for wireless sensor networks,” Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Distrib. Comput. Sensor Syst. (DCOSS). 2005;322–339.
Saranya V, Shankar S, Kanagachidambaresan GR. Energy efficient clustering scheme (EECS) for wireless sensor network with mobile sink. Wireless Pers Commun. 2018;100:1553–67.
Zhixiang D, Bensheng Q. “Three-layered routing protocol for WSN based on LEACH algorithm,” IET Conf. on Wireless, Mobile and Sens. Netw. (CCWMSN07). 2007;72–75
Handy MJ, Haase M, Timmermann D. “Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with deterministic cluster-head selection,” 4th Inter. Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Commun. Netw., 2002;368–372.
Lotf JJ, Bonab MN, Khorsandi S. “A Novel cluster-based routing protocol with extending lifetime for wireless sensor networks,” 5th IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks 2008;1–5.
Sharawi M, Emary E. “Impact of grey wolf optimization on WSN cluster formation and lifetime expansion,” 2017 Ninth International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI), Doha, Qatar, 2017;157–162. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACI.2017.7974501.
Patidar Y, Jain M, Vyas AK. “Modified unexpended energy based stable cluster head selection for homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs),” 2022 3rd International Conference on Computing, Analytics and Networks (ICAN), Rajpura, Punjab, India, 2022;1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAN56228.2022.10007098.
Hoang DC, Kumar R, Panda SK. “Fuzzy C-means clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks,” IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2010;3477–3482.
Zagrouba R, Kardi A. Comparative study of energy efficient routing techniques in wireless sensor networks. Information. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12010042.
Elhoseny M, Rajan RS, Hammoudeh M, Shankar K, Aldabbas O. Swarm intelligence–based energy efficient clustering with multihop routing protocol for sustainable wireless sensor networks. Int J Distrib Sens Netw. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147720949133.
Agbehadji IE et al. “Bio-inspired energy efficient clustering approach for wireless sensor networks,” 2019 International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM), Fez, Morocco, 2019;1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/WINCOM47513.2019.8942532.
Yousif YK, Badlishah R, Yaakob N, et al. An energy efficient and load balancing clustering scheme for wireless sensor network (WSN) based on distributed approach. J Phys Conf Ser. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1/012007.
Abbasi AA, Younis M. A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Comput Commun. 2007;30(14–15):2826–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.024. (ISSN 0140-3664).
Kumar P, Dwivedi R, Tyagi V. “Fuzzy ant colony optimization based energy efficient routing for mixed wireless sensor network,” 2019 International Conference on Issues and Challenges in Intelligent Computing Techniques (ICICT), Ghaziabad, India, 2019;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICT46931.2019.8977699.
Vellaichamy J, Basheer S, Bai PSM, Khan M, Kumar Mathivanan S, Jayagopal P, Babu JC. Wireless sensor networks based on multi-criteria clustering and optimal bio-inspired algorithm for energy-efficient routing. Appl Sci. 2023;13(5):2801. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052801.
Mirjalili S. SCA: a sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems. Knowl-Based Syst. 2016;96:120–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2015.12.022. (ISSN 0950–7051).
Seyyedabbasi A. WOASCALF: a new hybrid whale optimization algorithm based on sine cosine algorithm and levy flight to solve global optimization problems. Adv Eng Softw. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2022.103272. (ISSN 0965–9978).
Guo X, Ye Y, Li L, Wu R, Sun X. WSN clustering routing algorithm combining sine cosine algorithm and Lévy MUTATION. IEEE Access. 2023;11:22654–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3252027.
Patidar Y, Jain M, Vyas AK. “Comparative analysis of clustering and routing protocols for energy-efficient WSN,” 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICAC3N), Greater Noida, India, 2022;1768–1773. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC3N56670.2022.10074074.
Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Research Involves Human/Animal Participants
This article does not contain any studies with human/animal participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the topical collection “Diverse Applications in Computing, Analytics and Networks” guest edited by Archana Mantri and Sagar Juneja.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Patidar, Y., Jain, M. & Vyas, A.K. Optimal Stable Cluster Head Selection Method for Maximal Throughput and Lifetime of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Network. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 218 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02459-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02459-9