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Characterization of Mexican wheat landraces for drought and salt stress tolerance potential for future breeding

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Abstract

One of the several impediments to increasing wheat productivity challenge is the low genetic diversity in modern wheat. Successful breeding requires the identification of donor germplasm in genetically diverse pools highlighting the importance of selection and use of diverse genotypes in a breeding program. In this investigation, we attempted to characterize a set of Mexican wheat landraces for drought and salt stress under controlled conditions at seedling stage to identify the drought and salt-tolerant genotypes. Drought stress at 14% PEG and saline stress at 125 mM NaCl caused significant reduction in all the traits investigated, i.e., germination %, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight and vigor index. Association analyses revealed a total of 71 significantly associated SNPs with different traits. In addition, the cluster analysis of the germplasm for drought and salt stress identified three sub-groups based on the first two principal components which explained 51.5% and 44.3% variation, respectively. The best accessions under drought stress were number 13, 70, 71, 83, 85, 86, 87, 129, 141 and 142 carrying 8–22 positive alleles from a total possible of 24 positive alleles of the associated SNPs. Moreover, accessions 71 and 83 were carrying 22 positive alleles in total. This group also showed a mean increase of 22.54% in all the traits as compared to the population mean. Likewise, the ten best performed accessions under salt stress were 13, 14, 20, 26, 34, 35, 128, 130, 132 and 139 that carried from 17 to 28 from a possible of 35 alleles where accession number 20 carried maximum 28 favorable alleles. The phenotypic performance of these accessions indicated a mean increase of 16.43% from the population mean. Realizing the potential of these accessions, they can be included in future breeding programs to breed drought and salt stress-tolerant cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the adhoc project, “Transforming India’s Green Revolution by Research and Empowerment for Sustainable food supplies (TIGR2ESS)” funded by United Kingdom through UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), CGRF (BBSRC), Grant No: BB/P027970/1 for partial financial support for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

    Ankita Suhalia, Achla Sharma, Sukhjeet Kaur, Rashpal Singh Sarlach & Satinder Singh

  2. Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Sajid Shokat & Mian Abdur Rehman Arif

  3. Geneshifters, 222 Mary Jena Lane, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA

    Sukhwinder Singh

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  1. Ankita Suhalia
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  2. Achla Sharma
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Contributions

AS, MARA and SS conceived the idea; AS, SK and RSS performed the original experiments and provided the datasets; MARA performed the analysis and carried out the visualization and wrote the manuscript; SS, SS and AS reviewed the manuscript by providing inputs to improve the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Achla Sharma or Mian Abdur Rehman Arif.

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Communicated by Svetlana Misheva.

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Suhalia, A., Sharma, A., Kaur, S. et al. Characterization of Mexican wheat landraces for drought and salt stress tolerance potential for future breeding. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 51, 703–714 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-022-00326-6

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