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Effect of electronic cigarette and tobacco smoking on the human saliva microbial community

  • Human Microbiome - Research Paper
  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Increasing evidence demonstrated the oral microbial community profile characteristics affected by conventional cigarettes smoking, but few studies focus on oral microbiome in response to electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes). This study aimed to investigate the effect of E-cigarettes on the oral microbiome and to describe the difference of oral community profiles between E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers. 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing was performed to investigate the oral microbial profiles of 5 E-cigarette smokers, 14 tobacco smokers, 8 quitting tobacco smokers, and 6 nonsmokers. The Chao1, ACE, and Shannon diversity indexes increased significantly in saliva samples collected from E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers compared to the non-smokers, and no significant difference was found in alpha diversity between E-cigarette smokers and tobacco smokers. The main phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria and major genera Neisseria, Streptococcus, Prevotellaceae, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas dominated in the smoking groups, while Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria became the dominant phyla along with the genera Corynebacterium, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Porphyromonas in the nonsmokers. The differences in the phylum Actinobacteria and genus Corynebacterium contributed to various functional differences between smokers and nonsmokers. The difference on oral microbial and composition between E-cigarettes and common tobacco were associated with increased Prevotellaceae and decreased Neisseria. Additionally, smoking cessation could lead to re-establishment of the oral microbiome to that of nonsmokers. Our data demonstrate that E-cigarette smoking had different effects on the structure and composition of the oral microbial community compared to tobacco smoking. However, the short- and long-term impact of E-cigarette smoking on microbiome composition and function needs further exploration.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited (PRJCA002545) in the Genome Sequence Archive in the BIG Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences under accession codes CRA002565 that are publicly accessible at http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa.

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Acknowledgements

We thank YuQi Dental Hospital for the help in sampling.

Funding

This research was funded by the Research Foundation of China Tobacco Company (110201901021 (JY-08)) and the Research Foundation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. (2018XY04).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., No. 41 Keyi Road, Kunming, 650106, China

    Xue Wang, Qili Mi, Ji Yang, Ying Guan, Wanli Zeng, Haiying Xiang, Xin Liu, Wenwu Yang, Guangyu Yang, Xuemei Li & Qian Gao

  2. School of Pharmaceutical Science &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650504, China

    Xue Wang

  3. Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yinshan Cui

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  1. Xue Wang
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  2. Qili Mi
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  3. Ji Yang
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Contributions

Qian Gao, Xuemei Li, and Xue Wang conceived and designed the study. Xue Wang, Qili Mi, Ji Yang, Ying Guan, and Wanli Zeng contributed to the experiment, acquisition of data and comments and editorial review of the manuscript. Haiying Xiang, Xin Liu, and Wenwu Yang analysis data and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. Qian Gao, Xue Wang, Guangyu Yang, and Yinshan Cui contributed to interpretation of data and draft the article. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qian Gao.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health (approval number: 2020–001).

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All authors gave formal consent to participate to the study.

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All authors read and approved the manuscript in its present form.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Luiz Henrique Rosa

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Cite this article

Wang, X., Mi, Q., Yang, J. et al. Effect of electronic cigarette and tobacco smoking on the human saliva microbial community. Braz J Microbiol 53, 991–1000 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00721-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00721-5

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