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Characterization of two new strains of Lactococcus lactis for their probiotic efficacy over commercial synbiotics consortia

  • Food Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Lactococcus spp. are industrially crucial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to manufacture lactic acid, pickled vegetables, buttermilk, cheese, and many kinds of delicious dairy foods and drinks. In addition to these, they are also being used as probiotics in specific formulations. However, their uses as probiotics are comparatively less than the other LAB genera. The present communication hypothesizes to validate the probiotic potentiality of two new Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains for their future uses. These native food fermenting strains were characterized for in vitro acid tolerance, tolerance to simulated gastric and pancreatic juices, autoaggregation and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, haemolytic activity, bile salt deconjugation, cholesterol removal, antimicrobial spectrum, and antibiotic sensitivity. The in vivo live bacterial feeding of these strains for 30 days was done in Swiss albino mice either singly or in combination with prebiotic inulin and evaluated for hypocholesterolemic activity, immune enhancement, and gut colonization efficiency and compared with the commercial probiotic consortia. The study revealed that the strains could survive in human gut bile concentration, gastric pH conditions at pH 2.0, 3.0, and 8.0 for 6 h, had a broad antibacterial spectrum, and cholesterol binding efficacy. The strains could survive with higher colony-forming units (CFU/mL) when amended with sodium caseinate. The strains had autoaggregation ranges from 15 to 25% over 24 h and had a significant co-aggregation with both lactic acid and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains related to human illness. The strains also showed solvent and media-specific hydrophobicity against n-hexane and xylene. The live bacterial feeding either singly or in combination with prebiotic inulin resulted in a significant reduction of LDL (low-density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), and a significant increase in HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol level, and improved gut colonization and gut immunomodulation. The results prove that these non-haemolytic, non-toxic strains had significant health benefits than the commercial probiotics consortium with the recommended prebiotics mix. Thus, these new Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains could be trialled as a new probiotic combination for human and animal feeds.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Surface Engineering and Tribology Division, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, for FESEM studies; to Ms Bratati Moitra, M. Sc., for her help in antimicrobial spectrum assay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Siksha Bhavan, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, WB, India

    Biplab Bandyopadhyay, Satinath Das & Narayan Chandra Mandal

  2. Plant and Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, 732103, WB, India

    Biplab Bandyopadhyay, Ashutosh Kundu, Vivekananda Mandal, Rajsekhar Adhikary & Vivekananda Mandal

  3. Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, WB, India

    Prashanta Kumar Mitra

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Biplab Bandyopadhyay and Satinath Das performed material preparation, data collection, and analysis. Biplab Bandyopadhyay wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization and design of experimentation: Vivekananda Mandal and Narayan Chandra Mandal. Methodology: Biplab Bandyopadhyay and Satinath Das did the experimentations. Prashanta Kumar Mitra did the statistical analysis and data analysis for its presentation. Ashutosh Kundu and Vivekananda Mandal did the in vitro probiotic studies. Rajsekhar Adhikary did the detailed molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the strains. Formal analysis and investigation: Biplab Bandyopadhyay. Writing-original draft preparation: Biplab Bandyopadhyay. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All the authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Writing-review and editing: Vivekananda Mandal and Narayan Chandra Mandal. Supervision: Vivekananda Mandal and Narayan Chandra Mandal. Funding acquisition: No direct funding received for this research work; however, the institutions have provided necessary chemicals and infrastructural facilities to do the experiments.

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Correspondence to Vivekananda Mandal or Narayan Chandra Mandal.

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The work with the animal model has been conducted as per the Institutional guidelines of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee hosted in the Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, India (vide Ref. No.: IACE/VB/2018/6; Dated: 24–04-2018).

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Bandyopadhyay, B., Das, S., Mitra, P.K. et al. Characterization of two new strains of Lactococcus lactis for their probiotic efficacy over commercial synbiotics consortia. Braz J Microbiol 53, 903–920 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00685-6

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