Abstract
Crop productivity is limited by low levels of potassium (K), a problem that could be reduced in diversified production systems, especially when spatial variability is considered in agronomic management. The K status of sandy loam soil treated with silicatic–K rock dust (remineralizer–K), under functional diversity and its impact on spatial variability and productivity of soybean and cotton was investigated in the Cerrado biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Quantification of soil for K availability (K–available), potentially available (Kp–available), not available (Kn–available) and total (total K) was performed, as well as the characterization of the remineralizer–K and soil mineralogy. The crop productivity was measured under the functional diversities: (1) very low (VL), (2) low (LW), (3) medium (AVG), (4) medium–long term (AVL) and (5) high (Integrated Crop Livestock System– ICLS). The K balance was accounted from K inputs/outputs in the systems. The levels of total K (6710–8210 mg kg–1), Kn–disp (6419–8107 mg dm–3), Kp–disp (83–291 mg dm–3) were not significantly influenced by the increase in functional diversity. There was a reduction of up to 70% in the K-available with increasing diversity, but the positive K balance in ICLS meant gains in soybean yield (+ 27%) and cotton (+ 156%) as compared to the VL. K showed spatial variability, with K-available being more affected by management. The results indicate that K cycling increases with functional diversity, but not enough to alter the total K reserve during the time span of the experiment. The soybeans and cotton crops represented 46% of the total K exported in ICLS, while animal grazing exported only 0.1%. Therefore, ICLS enables efficient K management and improvements in crop productivity in sandy loam soil.
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Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, L.S.S., upon reasonable request.
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The authors acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the financial support to carry out this research, approved project n?. 406276/2022-6. We also thank Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMA) for the concession of the experimental area, and for the support in the conduction of the experiment.
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Nogueira, B.K.A., Silva, L.S., Gasques, L.R. et al. Spatial Variability of Potassium and Agricultural Productivity in Sandy Loam Soil with Rock Dust under Functional Diversity in the Brazilian Cerrado. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01766-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-024-01766-1