Abstract
Recent studies have shown that soil microorganisms have the potential to solubilize the low-soluble Zn in the soil and can increase the bioavailability of this element to plants through different mechanisms. In this study, efficient zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere of different plants, and then, the plant growth-promoting traits of these isolates were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Finally, the efficiency of promising ZSB strains in supplying nutrients to maize plants especially Zn was evaluated.
Isolation of ZSB was done from rhizosphere soil samples using the serial dilution method and culturing on TMS medium containing low-soluble sources of Zn. The experiments were performed under in vitro and greenhouse conditions.
In the initial screening, 20 ZSB were obtained. The results showed that in terms of Zn solubility, there was a significant difference between the isolates and also between different Zn sources (P < 0.01). In the semiquantitative evaluation of Zn solubilization (halo formation), isolates ZP13, ZO11, and ZC10 with HD/CD ratios of 1.74, 1.68, and 1.61, respectively, showed the highest solubility. Also, in quantitative evaluation, ZP13, ZC10, and ZO11 had the highest solubility with an average of 24.64, 19.48, and 26.544 mg l−1, respectively. In the greenhouse experiment, the isolates ZO11 and ZO14 showed good performance to increase plant growth and led to a significant increase in most of the measured parameters for morphological characteristics and uptake of elements in the plant, especially Zn. Identification of ZO11 and ZO14 showed that they belong to the genera Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Agromyces italicus, respectively. Gluconic acid and propionic acid were the most important organic acids produced by these two isolates. In this experiment, promising rhizosphere isolates showed the ability to supply Zn for maize plants.
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Data Availability
This manuscript contains the data obtained from the doctoral thesis. All the data used in this manuscript are completely transparent and available and can be provided at the request of the respected editor of the journal.
Code Availability
Software application or custom code — phylogenetic tree analyses were performed using MEGA version 7.0.14.
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The authors express their special thanks to the University of Tabriz for providing the facilities and financial support.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Bahman Khoshru, Mohammad Reza Sarikhani, Shahin Oustan, Adel Reyhanitabar, and Mohammad Ali Malboobi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Bahman Khoshru, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Khoshru, B., Sarikhani, M.R., Reyhanitabar, A. et al. Evaluation of the Potential of Rhizobacteria in Supplying Nutrients of Zea mays L. Plant with a Focus on Zinc. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 1816–1829 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01139-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01139-0