Abstract
Wheat undergoes a severe reduction in vigor, yield, and production under saline stress due to disturbance in physiological, biochemical, and chemical processes. Silicon (Si) is known as a beneficial element to crops especially under abiotic stresses, i.e., salinity. Its positive effect on cultivated crops under stress conditions is widely reported in the past. The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the different sources of silicon for wheat under salinity stress. Different silica sources, i.e., silicic acid and three silicates of calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+), were evaluated keeping the Si dose constant in different wheat genotypes under moderate saline conditions. Wheat growth (i.e., plant height, biomass, and grain yield), physiological (membrane stability index, relative water contents, chlorophyll), biochemical and organic solutes (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, osmotic potential, total soluble protein, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids), antioxidant enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and ionic (Na+, K+, and Si) parameters were determined. Our findings revealed that salinity stress decreased the plant growth parameters by 7–46%, physiological parameters 4–30%, and mineral nutrition by 33–38%. Silicic acid performed best among all the sources by increasing the growth parameters (9–74%), physiological (9–54%), and chlorophyll pigments (28%) decreasing the Na+ concentration up to 37%. All the silicon sources increased the antioxidant enzymatic activity, but silicic acid stimulated the most enzymatic activity. Wheat cultivar Faisalabad-2008 performed better than the two tested genotypes. It was concluded that silicic acid is superior to other silica sources for improving plant vigor, production, and biochemical and chemical processes of wheat variety under the deteriorative effect of salinity.
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Data were taken from the study conducted under Ph. D project.
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Funding
The financial assistantship was provided by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) Islamabad, Pakistan, under the Ph.D. Fellowship for 5000 Scholars, Phase II, Batch V (Pin No: 518–78545-2AV5-036 (50042802) for this study.
Higher Education Commision,Pakistan,518–78545-2AV5-036 (50042802),Muhammad Nadeem
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M. Nadeem and M. Anwar-ul-Haq conducted the experiment and collected data. M. Nadeem, M. Anwar-ul-Haq, and Z. He prepared the first draft of the manuscript. M. Nadeem, M. Anwar-ul-Haq, M. Saqib, and M. Maqsood planned the study and Z. He, M. Anwar-ul-Haq, and M. Nadeem finalized the final draft of the manuscript.
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Nadeem, M., Anwar-ul-Haq, M., Saqib, M. et al. Ameliorative Effect of Silicic Acid and Silicates on Oxidative, Osmotic Stress, and Specific Ion Toxicity in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 2334–2345 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00812-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-00812-0