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Annual Growth Progression, Nutrient Transformation, and Carbon Storage in Tissues of Cunninghamia lanceolata Monoculture in Relation to Soil Quality Indicators Influenced by Intraspecific Competition Intensity

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Abstract

Purpose

Nutrient distribution among tree tissues influence the growth, yield, and persistence of trees. One of the factors which can affect the nutrient concentrations can be stand density because competition for growth space and below-ground resources play a significant role in the productivity of plantation forests.

Methods

This study analyzed the impact of planting density and soil quality indicators on the annual growth process, nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and carbon storage in mid-aged Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands established at low, intermediate, and high-density. Stem density was 1450 trees hm2 (2.36 × 2.36 m spacing), 2460 trees hm2 (1.83 × 1.83 m spacing), and 3950 trees hm2 (1.44 × 1.44 m spacing) in low-, intermediate-, and high-density stands, respectively.

Results

Stand density (R2 = 0.812) was the primal factor responsible for altering nutrients dynamics in tree components, while soil quality (R2 = 0.572) indicators play a secondary role. Across the years, the diameter and volume annual growth increment were more significant in the low-density, whereas height growth increment was more prominent in the intermediate-density. The highest carbon storage (33.78 t hm−2) was observed in the intermediate-density stand. Plant nutrient concentrations and nutrient use efficiency varied significantly among different densities (p < 0.05). Significant associations of soil properties with biomass, height, and diameter were observed in intermediate-density.

Conclusions

These patterns were co-regulated by planting density, tree growth rate, and soil nutrient status and reflected the plant tissue’s nutrient status, which could provide valuable information for sustainable nutrient management practices in tree plantations for maximizing productivity, yield, and long-term sustainability.

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Data Availability

All the data is presented in the Ms.

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Acknowledgements

We would also like to thank Zhen Yang, Xu Jingjing, Wang Nemin, and Wenjing Wu for their help in conducting field and lab work. We also thank our friend Chris Ijeoma for the English language and grammar checking of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was financially supported by the Technology Major Project of Fujian Province, China (2018NZ0001-1) and the Postdoctoral Research Funding of Central South University of Forestry and Technology and Hunan province finance department (70702-45200003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China

    Taimoor Hassan Farooq

  2. National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China

    Taimoor Hassan Farooq & Wende Yan

  3. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Taimoor Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid & Pengfei Wu

  4. Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain

    Awais Shakoor

  5. College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410000, China

    Saiyang Zhang

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Contributions

This collaboration work was carried out among all the authors. THF and PW proposed original idea. THF and MHU carried out the experiment. THF and AS wrote the original draft. SZ prepared some figures. PW and WY supervised and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Taimoor Hassan Farooq or Pengfei Wu.

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Farooq, T.H., Shakoor, A., Rashid, M.H.U. et al. Annual Growth Progression, Nutrient Transformation, and Carbon Storage in Tissues of Cunninghamia lanceolata Monoculture in Relation to Soil Quality Indicators Influenced by Intraspecific Competition Intensity. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21, 3146–3158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00595-w

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