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Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IW16 and Sulfur Synergistically with Struvite Aggrandize the Phosphorus Bioavailability to Wheat in Alkaline Soil

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Abstract

Environmentally hazardous wastewaters from various origins could prove an impending source for phosphorus (P) recovery as struvite. This study aimed to employ an eco-friendly approach for P utilization from struvite, and to neutralize its alkaline effect in the soil through supplementation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IW16. Struvite precipitated and recovered from wastewater was tested for P release and bioavailability to grow wheat in alkaline soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were control (no P application), P from single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer, P from struvite, P from struvite + sulfur (100 mg kg−1 of soil), and P from rock phosphate; and all these treatments were compared with and without SOB inoculation through irrigation water. Struvite application, especially with sulfur and/or SOB, maintained an adequate P level (as with SSP fertilizer) in both wheat plants and soil throughout the growing period. Wheat plant agronomic attributes were also improved with struvite as for SSP fertilization. Moreover, supplementation of SOB inoculum with struvite and other P sources significantly improved the P bioavailability and crop yield through increased phosphate solubility in alkaline soil. In conclusion, inoculation of SOB especially with sulfur (S) supplementation in struvite treatment caused the pH reduction of alkaline soil through S oxidation (H2SO4 formation), which solubilized the fixed-P in struvite as well as soil and thus improved P bioavailability to wheat plants. These findings strengthen the concept of struvite scavenging from wastewater for environmental safety, and to introduce it as an alternative resource for P fertilization.

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Acknowledgments

I acknowledge the Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan for all the lab and technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan

    Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Jilani, Saba Akbar & Ghulam Mujtaba

  2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China

    Dongmei Zhang

  3. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan

    Kouser Majeed Malik

  4. National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan

    Shah Rukh

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  1. Ahmad Khan
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Khan, A., Jilani, G., Zhang, D. et al. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IW16 and Sulfur Synergistically with Struvite Aggrandize the Phosphorus Bioavailability to Wheat in Alkaline Soil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 95–104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00104-0

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