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Histoanatomy of Malpighian tubules and the digestive tract of adult of biocontrol agent Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

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Abstract

Calosoma sycophanta L. is a voracious predatory beetle that feeds on several important lepidopteran pests such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) and the pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). It is mass reared in laboratory breeding and released against forest pests. So, C. sycophanta are important predators with the potential to be used in the biological control in agriculture. Although some studies provide important data on the gut anatomy in Carabidae, they are limited to few species. In the present study, we investigated the structure of the Malpighian tubules and digestive tract by means of light and electron microscopies. According to the results obtained, in C. sycophanta, the digestive tract consists of 3 basic parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus. The esophagus is tubular and has a convoluted surface. Crop bulb-like is an enlarged channel. The proventriculus is connected to the mid-gut. The midgut extends from the foregut at the anterior end to the hindgut at the posterior end. Midgut surface is densely covered with crypts which is finger-shaped. The hindgut consists of the ileum, the colon and the rectum. The anterior end of ileum is marked by the entrance of the four Malpighian tubules. Malpighian tubules are surrounded by a monolayer cubic epithelium. Colon is located between the posterior end of the ileum and the anterior of the rectum. The rectum is lined lumen, intima, a single layer convoluted epithelium and a muscle layer. In addition, in this species, a pair of anal gland, anal gland reservoir and thin-long reservoir ducts are connected with the genital chamber. These data are discussed in comparison with the digestive tract in other Coleopteran species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Gazi Üniversity Academic Writing Center for revising the grammar of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Selami Candan & Nurcan Özyurt Koçakoğlu

  2. Shouth-West Anatolia Forest Research Institute, Forest Protection, Wildlife and Protected Areas Division, 264, Antalya, Turkey

    Ayhan Serttaş

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  1. Selami Candan
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Candan, S., Özyurt Koçakoğlu, N. & Serttaş, A. Histoanatomy of Malpighian tubules and the digestive tract of adult of biocontrol agent Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 1373–1386 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00331-4

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