Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro seed germination for the seedling rescue of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida - a valuable tropical forest tree

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Vegetos Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida is a tropical tree from the Anacardiaceae family. Because of the high nutritional value of its seeds and the medicinal properties of various parts, the tree species is socio-economically important. This tree is a rich source of phyto chemicals of great medicinal value in root, bark, leaf, fruit and seeds. This multifunctional tree serves as a vital economic resource for tribal people living in Indian forests by providing food, fuel, fodder, timber, and medicine. However, the tree is at serious risk of extinction due to a lack of natural regeneration capacity and overexploitation of natural habitat. The seeds are the major source of propagation of B. cochinchinensis, but the main constraint is the low germination frequency caused by hard shell and fungal infestation during germination. Traditional plant propagation methods like vegetative propagation are time-consuming and inefficient for this species. A need for alternative seed germination strategies for quality planting material is imperative. Therefore, seed germination was carried out in the current study under ex vitro as well as in vitro condition. The germination of 52% was observed in seeds germinated in the greenhouse with a low seedling conversion rate. Total soluble sugars were estimated from different parts of the B. cochinchinensis seedling; to investigate this low germination rate. The investigation revealed that the root part had the maximum soluble sugar, followed by cotyledons, and the dried kernels had the least. Therefore, in vitro seed germination was attempted with the insight that higher sugars in the early-stage seedlings might be responsible for a low germination rate due to fungal attacks. Murashige and Skoog medium at full and half-strength was used for seed germination, along with different sucrose concentrations- 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4.5% or 6%. Half-strength MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose resulted in highest germination (96.60%) and seedling conversion (60%). Further, during acclimatization, in vitro seedlings survived at a rate of 80%, more than the ex vitro greenhouse-raised seedlings. This study proposed an efficient in vitro seed germination protocol for mass propagation of B. cochinchinensis, where the early-stage susceptible seedlings could be rescued from fungal attack.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad N, Alia A, Khan F, Kour A, Khan S (2012) In vitro seed germination and shoot multiplication of Pterocarpus marsupium roxb - an endangered medicinal tree. Researcher 4:20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajith S, Krishna V, Sudhesh LS, Ravi KS (2018) Dormancy breaking of stored seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng.-An endangered medicinal plant of the Western Ghats. JETIR 5(9): 237–243

  • AOSA (1983) Association of Official Seed Analysts. Seed vigour testing hand book. Contribution, No. 32 to the Handbook of seed testing

  • Avani P, Bauri FK, Sarkar SK (2019) Chironji: a golden nut fruit of Indian tribes. Acta Hotic 1241:37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1241.6

  • Bae KH (2015) Improvement of seed germination and In vitro propagation of Bupleurum latissimum Nakai through embryogenesis. Turk J Biol 39:732–739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bani M, Pérez-De-Luque A, Rubiales D, Rispail N (2018) Physical and Chemical Barriers in Root tissues contribute to quantitative resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi in pea. Front Plant Sci 9:199

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar S, Kumari R (2022) Morphological and anatomical studies of Buchanania lanzan Spreng.fruit

  • and seed (Anacardiaceae) and the factors causing its extinction. Vegetos. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-022-00510-3

  • Chen Y, Goodale UM, Fan XL, Gao JY (2015) Asymbiotic seed germination and In vitro seedling development of Paphiopedilum spicerianum: an orchid with an extremely small population in China. Glob Ecol Cons 3:367–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Dange MM, Champawat PS, Bakane PH, Deshmukh SD, Jain SK, Borkar PA (2019) Process parameters for chironji nut (Buchanania lanzan) decortications. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 8(1):1848–1862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PT, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28(3):350–356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FRLHT Medicinal plants of conservation concern Foundation for revitalisation of local health traditions (FRLHT), Bengaluru, India

  • Genze N, Bharti R, Grieb M, Schultheiss SJ, Grimm DG (2020) Accurate machine learning-based germination detection, prediction and quality assessment of three grain crops. Plant Methods 16(1):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herbers K, Takahata Y, Melzer M, Mock HP, Hajirezaei M, Sonnewald U (2000) Regulation of carbohydrate partitioning during the interaction of potato virus Y with tobacco. Mol Plant Pathol 1:51–59

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hesami M, Jones AMP (2020) Application of artificial intelligence models and optimization algorithms in plant cell and tissue culture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104(22):9449–9485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiwale S (2015) Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng). Sustainable horticulture in Semiarid Dry lands. Springer, New Delhi, India, pp 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2244-6_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi CJ, Sharma DK, Gotur M, Rajan R (2017) Effect of different chemicals on seedling growth and biomass of chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6(9):1819–1823. https://doi.org/10.20546/Ijcmas.2017.609.224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khobragade ND, Rai N (2022) Effect of pretreatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Buchanania lanzan. Pharma Innov 11(1):104–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y, Wang Y, Iqbal A, Shi P, Li J, Yang Y, Lei X (2017) Optimization of culture medium and temperature for the in vitro germination of oil palm pollen. Sci Hortic 220:134–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malakar A, Sahoo H, Sinha A, Kumar A (2023) Necessity of genetic diversity study and conservation practices in chironji (Buchanania cochinchinensis (lour.) MR Almedia). Environ Conserv J 24(1):253–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik SK, Chaudhury R, Dhariwal OP, Bhandari DC (2010) Genetic resources of tropical underutilized fruits in India. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, pp 25–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik SK, Chaudhury R, Panwar NS, Dhariwal OP, Choudhary R, Kumar S (2012) Genetic resources of chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.): a socio-economically important tree species of central Indian tribal population. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59(4):615–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9801-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik SK, Choudhary R, Chaudhury R, Kumar S (2019) Characterization and cryopreservation of chironji (Buchanania lanzan). Indian J Agric Sci 89(10):1674–1679

    Google Scholar 

  • Martendal CO, Bernardino MM, Pereira FD, Silva FG, De Menezes CCE, Monteiro Hara ACBA (2013) In vitro cultivation of zygotic embryos from Murici (Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss.): establishment, disinfection, and germination. Acta Scientiarum Agron 35(2):221–229. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moyo M, Van Staden J (2013) Micropropagation of Anacardiaceae species of economic importance: advances and future prospects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 49(2):85–96

  • Munns R, Tester M (2008) Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:651–681. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15(3):473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muslihatin W, Ratnadewi D (2012) Effect of carbohydrate source on growth and performance of In vitro sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Plantlets. HAYATI J Biosci 19(2):88–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan K, Patra HK, Dhruw SK (2014) Standardization of propagation methods of Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng). Asian J Hort 9(1):283–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimbalkar SD, Patil DS, Kauthale VK (2017) Effect of seed treatment methods on germination and seed Vigor of Buchanania lanzan Spreng, Charoli. Trends Biosci 10(27):5729–5732

    Google Scholar 

  • Płazek A (1998) Relationship between soluble carbohydrate level and tolerance of meadow fescue callus to Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem. And Drechslera dictyoides (Drechsl.) Shoem. Metabolites. Acta Physiol Plant 20:347–351

  • Pociecha E, Płazek A, Janowiak F, Dubert F, Kolasinska I, Irla M (2013) Factors contributing to enhanced pink snow mould resistance of winter rye (Secale cereale L.)–Pivotal role of crowns. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 81:54–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel K, Debashish D, Madhumita B, Padmaja G, Prasad SR, Ramana Murthy VB, Rao PS (2009) In vitro germination and micropropagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 45(4):466–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-008-9181-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma DK (2016) Effect of plant growth regulators and scarification on germination and seedling growth of chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng). Adv Life Sci 5(8):3237–3241

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma N, Ghosh R, Nigam M (1998) Toxigenic fungi associated with stored fruits of chironji. Indian Phytopathol 51(3):284–286. https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shekhawat MS, Manokari M (2016) Impact of auxins on vegetative propagation through stem cuttings of Couroupita guianensis Aubl.: a conservation approach. Scientifica. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6587571

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shende S, Rai M (2005) Multiple shoot formation and plant regeneration of a commercially-useful tropical plant, Buchanania lanzan (Spreng). Plant Biotechnol 22(1):59–61. https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shim SW, Hahn EJ, Paek KY (2003) In vitro and ex vitro growth of grapevine rootstock ‘5BB’ as influenced by number of air exchanges and the presence or absence of sucrose in culture media. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 75:57–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shohael AM, Chakrabarty D, Ali MB, Yu KW, Hahn EJ, Lee HL, Paek KY (2006) Enhancement of eleutherosides production in embryogenic cultures of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus in response to sucrose-induced osmotic stress. Process Biochem 41:512–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla SK, Solanki KR (2000) Studies on seed germination, plant survival and growth of Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.). J Trop Fores 16(1):44–49

  • Siddiqui MZ, Chowdhury AR, Prasad N (2016) Evaluation of phytochemicals, physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity in gum exudates of Buchanania lanzan. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B: Biol Sci 86(4):817–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0539-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Rai S, Khan S (2010) In vitro seed germination of Adansonia digitata L.: an endangered medicinal tree. Nanobiotechica Univers 1:107–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart SL, Kane ME (2006) Asymbiotic seed germination and In vitro seedling development of Habenariama croceratitis (Orchidaceae), a rare Florida terrestrial orchid. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 86(2):147–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tewari RK, Bajpai CK (2001) Propagation of chironjee (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.) By chip budding. Agrofor Newslett 13(1):1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Thounaojam AS, Dhaduk HL (2020) Enhancement of seed germination in Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng) through physical and chemical treatments. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 9(1):1354–1359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu CH, Dewir YS, Hahn EJ, Paek KY (2006) Optimization of culturing conditions for the production of biomass and phenolics from adventitious roots of Echinacea angustifolia. Plant Biol 49:193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India, for providing necessary laboratory facilities for carrying out the research work. Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Research Scholarship Award sponsored this research under Grant No.1306/Fin./Sch.//2019.

Funding

This research received funding from Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Research Scholarship Award under Grant No.1306/Fin./Sch.//2019.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India

    Tripti Agrawal & Afaque Quraishi

Authors
  1. Tripti Agrawal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Afaque Quraishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data curation, writing, analysis and original draft preparation were performed by Tripti Agrawal. Manuscript was critically reviewed and edited by Afaque Quraishi. Both the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Afaque Quraishi.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Agrawal, T., Quraishi, A. In vitro seed germination for the seedling rescue of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida - a valuable tropical forest tree. Vegetos (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00864-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00864-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation