Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of orchids (Orchidaceae) distribution and richness for conservation implications in Tripura, North East India

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Vegetos Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A total of 51 orchid species have been identified, in 105 locations of Tripura. Orchid species such as Acampe praemorsa, Aerides odoratum, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium aphyllum, Micropera pallida, Papilionanthe teres, Rhynchostylis retusa are distributed throughout the state.19 orchid species became rare from the orchid flora of Tripura. The study also includes the effect of elevation gradient, temperature and precipitation on orchid species richness in Tripura. We estimate maximum orchid richness at an elevation range of 500–939 m, a temperature range of 21.23–23.16 °C and a precipitation range of 2750.89–3357.0 mm. The maximum species richness (28 epiphytes and 5 terrestrial orchid species) and distribution were found in the Jampui hill region of North Tripura. A significant positive correlation was observed with elevation, precipitation and orchid richness. The present study will help to understand the habitat suitability and species re-introduction program, especially for Tropical lowland orchid conservation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig.3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Arditti J (1992) Fundamentals of orchid biology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Baishnab B, Datta BK (2019) The genus Dendrobium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in Tripura, India. Plant Sci Today 6(2):190–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baishnab B, Banik B, Majumdar K, Datta BK (2017) Four new additions of orchid species for the flora of Tripura, North East India. Envis Bull Himal Ecol 25:111–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Baishnab B, Chowdhury AK, Datta BK (2019) Trichoglottis ramosa (Lindl. Senghas (Orchidaceae): an addition to the flora of Tripura. Plant Sci Today 6(4):412–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baishnab B, Majumdar K, Datta BK (2020) Anatomical features a moth orchid Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. hookeriana (O. Gruss & Roellke) from Tripura, Northeast India. Indian J Ecol 47(2):426–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Baishnab B, Paul S, Banik B, Chowdhury AK, Datta BK (2022) Eight new additions to the Orchid flora of Tripura, NE India. Nelumbo 64(2):210–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattarai KR, Vetaas OR, Grytnes JA (2004) Fern species richness along a central Himalayan elevational gradient, Nepal. J Biogeogr 31:389–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Champion HG, Seth SK (1968) A revised survey of the forest types of India. Manager of Publications, Governments of India, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen IC, Hill JK, Ohlemuller R, Roy DB, Thomas CD (2011) Rapid range shift of species associated with high levels of climate warming. Science 333:1024–1026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christenhusz MJM, Byng JW (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261:201–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coats DJ, Dixon KW (2007) Current perspectives in plant conservation biology. Aust J Bot 55:187–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cribb PJ, Kell SP, Dixon KW (2003) Orchid conservation: a global perspective. In: Dixon KW, Kell SP, Barrett RL, Cribb PJ (eds) Orchid conservation. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • De LC, Medhi RP (2014) Diversity and conservation of rare and endemic orchids of North East India—a review. Indian J Hill Farm 27(1):81–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Deb DB (1981) The Flora of Tripura State. Today and tomorrow’s. Printer and Publishers, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Deb DB (1983) The Flora of Tripura State. Today and tomorrow’s. Printer and Publishers, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Djordjevic V, Tsiftsis S, Lakusic D, Stevanovic V (2016) Niche analysis of orchids of serpent in an non-serpentine areas: Implications for conservation. Plant Biosyst 150:710–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djordjevic V, Tsiftsis S (2020) The role of ecological factors in distribution and abundance of terrestrial orchids. In: Merillon JM, Kodja H (eds) Orchid phytochemistry, biology and horticulture, reference series in phytochemistry fundamentals and applications. Springer, Switzerland, pp 1–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11257-8_4-1

  • Evans A, Janssens S, Jacquemyn H (2020) Impact of climate change on thedistribution of four closely related Orchis (Orchidaceae) species. Diversity 12(8):312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faleiro FV, Machado RB, Loyola RD (2013) Defining spatial conservation priorities in the face of land use and climate change. Biol Conserv 158:248–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fick SE, Hijmans RJ (2017) WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 37(12):4302–4315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govaerts R, Lughadha EN, Black N (2021) The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Sci Data 8:215

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hemrova L, Kotilınek M, Konecna M (2019) Identification of drivers of landscape distribution of forest orchids using germination experiment and species distribution models. Oecologia 190:411–423

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IPNI (2022) The International Plant Names Index. http://www.ipni.org. Accessed 15 June 2022

  • IUCN (2022) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on 25 June 2022

  • Jain SK, Rao RR (1977) Hand book of field and herbarium methods. Goyal Offsets, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataki SK, Jain SK, Sastry ARK (1984) Distribution of Orchids of Sikkim and North East India, Plant Consv Bull 5. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah

  • Knapp WM, Frances A, Noss R, Naczi R (2020) Vascular plant extinction in the continental United states and Canada. Biol Conserv 35:360–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korner C (2007) The use of altitude in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol 22:569–574

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Tian H, Wang Y, Li R, Song Z, Zhang F, Xu M, Li D (2013) Vulnerability of 208 endemic or endangered species in China to the effects of climate change. Reg Environ Change 13:843–852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majumdar K, Datta BK (2016) Effects of patch size, disturbances on diversity and structural traits of tropical semi-evergreen forest in the lowland Indo Burma hotspot implication on conservation of the threatened tree species. J Mt Sci 13:1397–2141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-015-3686-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misra S (2007) Orchids of India, a glimpse. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun

  • Mitra S, Roy S, Hore S (2022) Assessment and forecasting of the urban dynamics through lulc based mixed model: evidence from Agartala, India. GeoJournal 87:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J (2000) Bioderversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pillon Y, Chase MW (2007) Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation. Biol Conserv 21:263–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00573.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Possingham HP, Wilson KA (2005) Biodiversity—turning up the heat on hotspots. Nature 436:919–920. https://doi.org/10.1038/436919a

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pridgeon AM, Cribb JP, Chase WM, Rasmussen FN (1999–2014) Genera Orchidacearum, vols 1–6. Oxford University Press, London

  • Primack R, Corlett R (2005) Tropical rainforests: an ecological and bio-geographical comparison. Blackwell, p 336

  • R Core Team (2020) R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing, Foundation for Statistical Computing

  • Root TL, Price JL, Hall KR, Schneider SH, Rosenzweig C, Pounds JA (2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature 421:57–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon S, Plattner GK, Knutti R (2009) Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:1704–1709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Swarts ND, Dixon KW (2009) Terrestrial orchid conservation in the age of extinction. Ann Bot 104(3):543–556

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka N, Nakao K, Tsuyama I, Higa M, Nakazono E, Matsuib T (2012) Predicting the impact of climate change on potential habitats of fir (Abies) species in Japan and on the East Asian continent. Proc Environ Sci 13:455–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ, Collingham YC, Erasmus BFN, deSiqueira MF, Grainger A, Hannah L, Hughes L, Huntley B, vanJaarsveld AS, Midgley GF, Miles L, Ortega-Huerta MA, Peterson AT, Phillips OL, Williams SE (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427:145–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi RS, Barik SK (2003) National biodiversity strategy and action plan report for Northeast India. Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsiftsis S, Tsiripidis I, Karagiannakidou V (2009) Identifying areas of high importance for orchid conservation in east Macedonia (NE Greece). Biodivers Conserv 18:1765–1780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9557-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiftsis S, Tsiripidis I, Trigas P (2011) Identifying important areas for orchid conservation in Crete. Eur J Environ Sci 1:28–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsiftsis S, Stipkova Z, Kindlmann P (2019) Role of way of life, latitude, elevation and climate on the richness and distribution of orchid species. Biodivers Conserv 28:75–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wani IA, Verma S, Mushtaq S, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Tariq M, Pant S (2021) Ecological analysis and environmental niche modelling of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: a conservation approach for critically endangered medicinal orchid. Saudi J Biol Sci 28(4):2109–2122

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • WFO (2022) World Flora Online (WFO). http://www.worldfloraonline.org. Accessed 14 June 2022

  • Willis K (2017) State of the world’s plants. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang SB, Chen WY, Huang JL, Bi Y-F, Yang X-F (2015) Orchid species richness along elevation and environmental gradients in Yunnan, China. PLoS ONE 10:e0142621

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to DBT, Government of India, New Delhi for financial support through the Project entitled “Orchid bio-resources of the Northeast India Conservation, database development and information networking” (Sanction letter No. BCIL/NER-BPMC/2016). The authors are also thankful to the Head of the Department of Botany, Tripura University for providing the necessary research facilities. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Stabak Roy, Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Tripura University, for making the map and also sharing his valuable knowledge about GIS. We also want to acknowledge Mr. Asish kumar Chowdhury, Mr. Dipan Sarma and Mr. Mantosh Roy, for their helping hands during the field study.

Funding

This work was supported by DBT, Government of India, New Delhi (Sanction letter No. BCIL/NER-BPMC/2016).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India

    Biswajit Baishnab, Koushik Majumdar, Biplab Banik, Suman Paul, Muktadhar Reang & Badal Kumar Datta

Authors
  1. Biswajit Baishnab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Koushik Majumdar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Biplab Banik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suman Paul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muktadhar Reang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Badal Kumar Datta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

BB conceived the idea of the study and designed the manuscript. BB has done field study and collected GPS data and other ecological data. All specimens were also identified by BB. Statistical analysis performed by SP and BBK. BBK and MR helped during the field survey and specimen collection. BKD and KM supervised the study and KM also gave the idea to study the environmental factors. BB prepared the initial draft, SP and BBK edited the manuscript. BB makes the final draft and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Biswajit Baishnab.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors affirm that there are no conflicts of interest in the publication of this paper. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare that the article is purely original and has not been published elsewhere previously.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baishnab, B., Majumdar, K., Banik, B. et al. Study of orchids (Orchidaceae) distribution and richness for conservation implications in Tripura, North East India. Vegetos (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00786-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-023-00786-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation