Abstract
Purpose
In this work, the mechanical equivalence and equivalent accuracy between a beam on elastic foundation (BOEF) and a beam on elastic supports (BOES) are analyzed considering static and dynamic characteristics using the transfer matrix method. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and obtain the critical equivalence condition between the two beam models, so as to facilitate the calculation of two kinds of structures in engineering and research.
Methods
The mathematical models for free vibration, deformation under static concentrated load, and dynamic response under moving load for both the BOEF and the BOES are established separately. The displacement of the two beam models under static load and the natural frequencies of the BOES are determined utilizing the transfer matrix method. Additionally, the partial differential equations of motion for the two beam models under moving load are established. Upon obtaining the ordinary differential equations utilizing Galerkin discretization, the first and second-order dynamic responses are obtained through numerical solutions and are superimposed. The equivalence coefficient for the two beam models is subsequently determined.
Results and Conclusions
The study further analyses the natural frequencies, deformation under static concentrated load, and dynamic response displacement under moving load for various equivalence coefficients across different key physical parameters. After validating the obtained equivalence coefficient with existing literature, the equivalent accuracy for the two beam models is further quantified. When the equivalence coefficient is Keq = 1.2, the natural frequency difference is only one thousandth. Furthermore, this paper establishes the critical equivalence condition that Keq = 10 for the BOEF and the BOES, wherein the natural frequency differential is around 1%. Research has shown that there is no significant difference in deformation under static load and dynamic response under moving load after equivalence.
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Data availability
Data will be made available on request.
Abbreviations
- BOEF:
-
Beam on elastic foundation
- BOES:
-
Beam on elastic supports
- \(x\) :
-
Coordinate along the beam length
- \(z\) :
-
Coordinate along the beam’s vertical direction
- \(t\) :
-
Time coordinate
- \(L\) :
-
Length of the beams
- \(N\) :
-
Number of beam segments with elastic supports as segmented boundaries
- \(l\) :
-
Elastic foundation with length l is equivalent to an elastic support
- \(l_{i}\) :
-
Length of ith beam
- \(k_{{\text{f}}}\) :
-
Elastic foundation stiffness
- \(k_{\text{s}}\) :
-
Elastic support stiffness
- \(w\left( {x,\;t} \right)\) :
-
Dynamic response displacement under moving load
- \(W_{{\text{st}}} \left( x \right)\) :
-
Deformation displacement under static concentrated load
- \(W_{\text{S}}\) :
-
The displacement of the middle position of the BOEF
- \(W_{\text{F}}\) :
-
The displacement of the middle position of the BOES
- \(W_{{\text{mo}}}\) :
-
Modal function of the beams
- \(\rho\) :
-
Mass density of the beams
- \(E\) :
-
Young’s modulus of the beams
- \(b\) :
-
Width of the cross-section of the beams
- \(h\) :
-
Height of the cross-section of the beams
- \(A\) :
-
Cross-sectional area of the beams
- \(I\) :
-
Moment of inertia of the beams
- \(\delta \left( {x - x_{i} } \right)\) :
-
Dirac function represents the presence of elastic support force at the elastic connection point \(x_{i}\)
- \(k_{{\text{s},\;i}}\) :
-
Stiffness of the ith elastic support
- \(F_{{\text{s},\;i}}\) :
-
Elastic force of the ith elastic support
- \(\omega\) :
-
Natural frequency of the two beam models
- \(\omega_{{\text{f},\;1}} ,\;\omega_{{\text{f},\;2}}\) :
-
First and second order natural frequencies of the BOEF
- \(\omega_{{\text{s},\;1}} ,\;\omega_{{\text{s},\;2}}\) :
-
First and second order natural frequencies of the BOES
- \(\lambda ,\;\alpha\) :
-
Coefficients in the process of solving \(W\)
- \({\mathbf{Z}}\) :
-
State vector of the two beam models in the transfer matrix method
- \(W\) :
-
Displacement in State vector Z, including modal function displacement \(W_{{\text{mo}}}\) in dynamic analysis and deformation displacement \(W_{{\text{st}}}\) in static analysis.
- \(\theta\) :
-
Rotation angle in State vector Z
- \(M\) :
-
Bending moment in State vector Z
- \(Q\) :
-
Shear force in State vector Z
- \({\mathbf{C}}\) :
-
Coefficient vector in the transfer matrix method, containing the coefficient of the modal function \(W_{{\text{mo}}}\), i.e., C1, C2, C3, C4.
- \({\mathbf{U}}\) :
-
Field matrix in the transfer matrix method
- \({\mathbf{Z}}_{i}^{\text{L}}\) :
-
Left endpoint state vector of ith beam segment
- \({\mathbf{U}}_{0}\) :
-
Left endpoint matrix of ith beam segment
- \({\mathbf{U}}_{0}^{ - 1}\) :
-
Inverse of left endpoint matrix \({\mathbf{U}}_{0}\)
- \({\mathbf{C}}_{i}^{\text{f}}\) :
-
Coefficient vector of ith beam segment
- \({\mathbf{Z}}_{i}^{\text{R}}\) :
-
Right endpoint state vector of ith beam segment
- \({\mathbf{U}}_{i}^{\text{f}}\) :
-
Right endpoint matrix of ith beam segment
- \({\mathbf{U}}_{i}^{\text{S}}\) :
-
Segmented node matrix
- \({\mathbf{U}}_{{\text{to}}}\) :
-
Overall transfer matrix
- \(u_{s,\;t}\) :
-
Assumed element symbol in the overall transfer matrix \({\mathbf{U}}_{{\text{to}}}\) in static deformation analysis
- \(w_{n} \left( t \right)\) :
-
Time function of nth order dynamic response
- \(W_{{\text{mo},\;n}} \left( x \right)\) :
-
Model function of nth order dynamic response
- \(P\) :
-
Value of the concentrated static load and moving load
- \(v\) :
-
Velocity of the moving load
- \(a,\;k_{1} ,\;k_{2}\) :
-
Coefficients of the ordinary differential motion equation after Galerkin discretization in dynamic analysis
- \(K_{{\text{eq}}}\) :
-
Equivalence coefficient in this paper
- \(K_{\text{v}}\) :
-
Equivalence coefficient in existing literature [3]
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFC1511103); the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China (Nos. 51868007, 12102207, 12272189); the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi (No. AB22036007); Project of Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation through grant (No. 2023MS01014).
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Appendix
Appendix
Corresponding field matrix U and left endpoint matrix U0 of static deformation of the BOEF for the modal function Eq. (33)
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Xie, K.Z., Xue, N., Ma, W.S. et al. Equivalence of a Beam on Elastic Foundation and a Beam on Elastic Supports with Transfer Matrix Method. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-024-01343-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-024-01343-x