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Effect of biofumigation by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., causing collar rot in betelvine (Piper betle L.)

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Abstract

Biofumigation is an environmentally benign and promising technique for suppressing soil borne pathogens. The objective of the study was to find out the efficacy of biofumigation with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L., var. Pusa Mahak) against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., causing collar rot disease in betelvine (Piper betle L.). Culture of S. rolfsii, isolated from collar rot infected betelvine tissue, sclerotia of S. rolfsii and the culture of Trichoderma sp. T-Nam, a native isolate, were separately exposed to different doses of macerated fresh mustard leaf (MFML) of four phenotypic stages, without any contact. The saprophytic colonization ability of the pathogen and the collar rot disease incidence were studied in soil system under different doses of biofumigation, both alone and in combination with soil amendment with Trichoderma. The mustard leaves showed best biofumigation activity at 50% flowering stage, with IC99 values (99% inhibitory concentration) of 2.49 g and 3.86 g MFML per 127 ml air space for S. rolfsii mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial germination inhibition, respectively. The native isolate, Trichoderma sp. T-Nam, was highly tolerant to such biofumigation treatment (IC99 value of 9.46 g MFML per 127 ml air space). The significant (p < 0.001) inhibition in saprophytic colonization ability of S. rolfsii in soil by 100% and reduction in S. rolfsii induced collar rot disease incidence in betelvine by 95.66%, due to the combined effect of biofumigation and Trichoderma amendment in soil, opened up a new strategy to reduce sole reliance on synthetic pesticides and minimize unintended impacts on the environment.

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Abbreviations

MFML:

Macerated fresh mustard leaf

IC99 :

Inhibitory concentration (99% inhibition)

IC50 :

Inhibitory concentration (50% inhibition)

ITCs:

Isothiocyanates

AITC:

Allyl isothiocyanate

S. rolfsii :

Sclerotium rolfsii

var.:

Variety

RAKVK:

Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra

DAS:

Days after sowing

RML60 °C :

Reconstituted mustard leaf (oven dried at 60 °C)

RML85 °C :

Reconstituted mustard leaf (oven dried at 85 °C)

PCNB:

Penta chloro nitrobenzene

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Chairman of Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, for providing laboratory facilities for the present study. The study is a part of Ph.D. dissertation of the first author who completed the programme at the Department of Plant Pathology, Palli-Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, West Bengal, India.

Funding

This work did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection Section, Ramkrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nimpith, West Bengal, 743338, India

    Prabir Kumar Garain

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Palli-Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, 731236, India

    Bholanath Mondal

  3. Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741252, India

    Subrata Dutta

Authors
  1. Prabir Kumar Garain
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  2. Bholanath Mondal
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  3. Subrata Dutta
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Contributions

PKG conducted experiments, analysed the data and wrote the paper. BM and SD interpreted the data.

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Correspondence to Prabir Kumar Garain.

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Garain, P.K., Mondal, B. & Dutta, S. Effect of biofumigation by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., causing collar rot in betelvine (Piper betle L.). Indian Phytopathology 74, 1015–1025 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00407-2

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