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Microwave-assisted green synthesis of Pithecellobium dulce seed pods derived fluorescent carbon dots for Pd2+ detection

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Abstract

A simple and ecofriendly microwave-aided pyrolysis method is developed to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) using Pithecellobium dulce seed pods as the carbon source. UV-Visible, fluorescence, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and XPS were used to characterize the synthesized CDs. Using this method, highly luminous CDs can be manufactured with particles as small as 4 nm. A quantum yield of 9.73% was estimated from 425 nm emission at 335 nm excitation, using quinine sulfate as a reference (quantum yield 54%). Various conditions, including pH, high ion strength, continuous radiation, and storage, were encountered by these CDs. These were showed high aqueous dispersibility, excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, and remarkable durability. CDs emissions are effectively quenched by Pd2+; therefore, the synthesized CDs were preferred as a highly sensitive and selective probe for the detection of Pd2+ ions. A detection limit of 0.37 μM can be achieved, and the linear range was from 2 to 50 μM. Moreover, the probe demonstrated good precision and was effective for detecting Pd2+ in real water samples without interference.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, for providing infrastructure and other necessary facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, KDR Govt Polytechnic College, Wanaparthy, Telangana, 509103, India

    R Swathi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500008, India

    R Swathi, Bandi Rajkumar, Gugulothu Yaku & P Yadagiri Swamy

  3. Department of Chemistry, Palamuru University, Wanaparthy, Telangana, 509001, India

    G Bhagavanth Reddy & P Yadagiri Swamy

  4. Department of Engineering, Civil Section (Applied Sciences - Chemistry), University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Shinas, Al-Aqur, 324, Shinas, Oman

    S Kondaiah

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  1. R Swathi
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  2. G Bhagavanth Reddy
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Correspondence to P Yadagiri Swamy.

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Swathi, R., Reddy, G.B., Rajkumar, B. et al. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of Pithecellobium dulce seed pods derived fluorescent carbon dots for Pd2+ detection. emergent mater. 6, 1207–1215 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00517-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00517-9

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