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Recent developments in functionalized polymer NF membranes for biofouling control

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Abstract

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have recently received growing interest in many sectors as an eco-friendly and effective separation technology. Nevertheless, biofouling resulting from the accretion and growth of bacteria over the NF membrane surface constitutes the major drawback affecting the NF membrane separation systems and prohibiting their use, especially in long term. In fact, under well-moderated growth conditions, many types of microorganisms occurring in aqueous environments (e.g., bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa) are prone to adhere onto the surface of the nanofiltration membrane, resulting in the formation of a biofilm, which in turn reduces the membrane's performance. Functionalization of NF membranes with specific materials/nanomaterials is one promising strategy to surmount this inherent problem. The objective of this review is to provide first a thorough study of the biofouling phenomenon of nanofiltration membranes by establishing the main mechanisms causing membrane biofouling and the proposed strategies for its control and monitoring. Next, recent developments in functionalizing polymer NF membranes with nanomaterials including carbonaceous materials, metal and metal oxides, proteins, enzymes, etc. as a powerful strategy for biofouling control are elucidated and discussed in detail. Further, physical and chemical fabrication methods for nanofiltration composite membranes and their practical applications are addressed as well as current issues and futures perspectives are also highlighted.

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Funding

This work was supported by MAScIR, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Composites Et Nanocomposites Center (CNC), Rabat Design Center, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco

    Brahim El Allaoui, Hanane Chakhtouna, Nadia Zari, Rachid Bouhfid & Abou el kacem Qaiss

  2. Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Et de Bromatologie, Faculté de Médecine Et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco

    Hanane Chakhtouna

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  1. Brahim El Allaoui
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  2. Hanane Chakhtouna
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  3. Nadia Zari
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  4. Rachid Bouhfid
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  5. Abou el kacem Qaiss
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Contributions

Brahim El Allaoui: Conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing–original draft

Hanane Chakhtouna: Conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing–original draft.

Nadia Zari: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Rachid Bouhfid: Supervision, Writing—review & editing

Abou el kacem Qaiss: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Nadia Zari.

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Allaoui, B.E., Chakhtouna, H., Zari, N. et al. Recent developments in functionalized polymer NF membranes for biofouling control. emergent mater. 5, 1345–1371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-022-00367-x

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