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Recent developments on 2D magnetic materials: challenges and opportunities

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Abstract

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibiting strong magnetization at ultrathin limits above room temperature is promising for miniaturization of devices beyond Moore’s law for future energy efficient nanoelectronic devices. Here, the current status, different mechanisms for the existence of magnetism, spin current injection, and other magnetic properties of monolayer to few layers of various 2D magnetic materials are reviewed. Some of the promising applications of these materials are spintronics devices such as spin valves, spin tunnel field-effect transistors, and spin-filtering magnetic tunnel junctions. Due to the tunable electronic properties of these 2D materials, it is quite interesting to inject the spin current with suitable ferromagnetic contacts. For instance, black phosphorus is a layered material with a small Schottky barrier height capable of injecting spin current. This review includes many recently explored 2D magnetic materials ranging from exfoliated 2D crystals to CVD grown materials from single to several layers, demonstrating tunable layer-dependent magnetic properties. We also explore some of the promising theoretical study based on 2D magnetic compounds such as 2D alkali-based chromium chalcogenides, which shows ferromagnetic as well as semiconducting behavior. The layer-dependent magnetic ordering has been observed in layered compounds like 1T-CrTe2, VSe2, CrI3, and Fe3GeTe2, which have great potential for the future applications in magnetic-based electronic devices. Finally, we emphasize the challenges, opportunities, and future directions of the 2D magnetic materials, where new discoveries might have outstanding impact in transformational scientific breakthroughs towards memory, spintronics, optoelectronics, and other multifunctional device applications.

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Acknowledgements

DKP and PDR acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-SC0002136. PDR also acknowledges the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NRP acknowledge funding support from NSF-PREM through NSF-DMR # 1826886.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

    Shalini Kumari

  2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA

    Dhiren K. Pradhan & Philip D. Rack

  3. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA

    Dhiren K. Pradhan & Philip D. Rack

  4. Layered Materials and Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA

    Nihar R. Pradhan

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  3. Nihar R. Pradhan
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  4. Philip D. Rack
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Correspondence to Dhiren K. Pradhan.

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Kumari, S., Pradhan, D.K., Pradhan, N.R. et al. Recent developments on 2D magnetic materials: challenges and opportunities. emergent mater. 4, 827–846 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00214-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00214-5

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