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Deciphering prospective groundwater zones in Bankura district, West Bengal: a study using GIS platform and MIF techniques

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Abstract

The advent of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) tools has greatly helped in delineating the groundwater prospective zones for various watershed development and management. The origin, occurrence and migration of groundwater is dependent on many factors such as geomorphology, soil, geology, drainage density, slope, lineament, land use/land cover and rainfall. Thematic maps comprising of all these parameters along with water-level fluctuations have been prepared by using satellite image, water level data, along with ground truth and associated information. Based on these, a study was carried out for deciphering the groundwater prospective zones in Bankura district, West Bengal, India. A technique now common on GIS platforms—multi-influencing factor has been utilized in which ranks and weights were given to every criterion and statistically computed. For validation of the generated model bearing the groundwater prospective zones, fluctuation records of groundwater levels from various wells located in the study area and “groundwater potential yield data” were put to use. Finally, five classes of prospective groundwater zones have been identified namely: very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor zones. The potential zones have been determined by weighted overlay method using the ArcGIS 9.2 spatial analyst tool. While making the analysis, the ranking has been provided for each individual parameter of each thematic map and depending on their influence, weights have been assigned. It was noted that 18.36% (1248.81 km2) and 25.55% (1737.15 km2) of the study area is categorized under ‘very good’ and ‘good’ zone with respect to groundwater potentiality, respectively. Approximately 1988.66 km2 area covering around 29.24% of the study area has been categorized as ‘moderate’. ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’ groundwater prospective zones cover an area of 21.06% (1432.44 km2) and 5.79% (392.94 km2) of the total study area, respectively. The result thus obtained have been verified by collected yield data from existing sources and getting confirmation on that the higher yield categories are falling within excellent groundwater potential zones where yield ranges from 20 to 40 l/s and lower values ranging from 8 to 11 l/s are falling within poor groundwater potential zones. Study like this is vital in the water resource development scheme as it will minimize the cost of time-consuming field studies.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Source: GSI district resource map 2001

Fig. 4

Source: LISS-IV satellite image

Fig. 5

Source: Cartosat 1 DEM

Fig. 6

Source: Cartosat 1 DEM

Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Source: Department of Agriculture (West Bengal) rainfall data

Fig. 12

Source: NBSS&LUP soil map West Bengal

Fig. 13

Source: LISS-IV satellite image supervised classification

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support for this research work received from DAE-BRNS Research Project [36(4)/14/35/2015-BRNS] Dated 31 March 2016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    S. K. Nag & S. Das

  2. Department of Geology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, 700026, India

    P. Chowdhury

  3. Department of Earth Science, JIS University, Kolkata, 700109, India

    A. Mukherjee

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Nag, S.K., Chowdhury, P., Das, S. et al. Deciphering prospective groundwater zones in Bankura district, West Bengal: a study using GIS platform and MIF techniques. Int J Energ Water Res 5, 323–341 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-020-00110-4

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