Abstract
Sandwich beams made of advanced materials are used in many engineering areas. This paper presents a study on the nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical coupling loading (NL-HTMCL). Various symmetric and non-symmetric sandwich beams with FG material in the skins of functionally graded sandwich beams (FGSBs) have been considered. The physico-mechanical properties vary gradually and continuously according to a power-law distribution of the constituent materials’ volume fractions. A new quasi-3D high shear deformation theory is used here to study the behavior of multi-type sandwich beams. The present model adopts a new field of displacement, which includes indeterminate integral variables. The governing equations for this investigation are obtained through the principle of virtual displacement and solved via the Navier-type method. Further, the nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical coupling loading (NL-HTMCL) is involved in these equations. A series of parametric studies discussing the flexural behavior of composite sandwich beams under different sets of hygro-thermo-mechanical loading is carried out. Finally, the numerical results show that the NL-HTMCL significantly affects the flexural characteristics of tested beams.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afzali M, Farrokh M, Carrera E (2022) Thermal buckling loads of rectangular FG plates with temperature-dependent properties using Carrera Unified Formulation. Compos Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115787
Akbas SD (2022) Moving-load dynamic analysis of AFG beams under thermal effect. Steel Compos Struct 42(5):649–655. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2022.42.5.649
Al-Osta MA (2022) Wave propagation investigation of a porous sandwich FG plate under hygrothermal environments via a new first-order shear deformation theory. Steel Compos Struct 43(1):117–127. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2022.43.1.117
Arbind ARCHANA, Reddy JN, Srinivasa AR (2014) Modified couple stress-based third-order theory for nonlinear analysis of functionally graded beams. Latin Am J Solids Struct 11:459–487. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-78252014000300006
Azandariani MG, Gholami M, Nikzad A (2022) Eringen’s nonlocal theory for nonlinear bending analysis of BGF Timoshenko nanobeams. Adv Nano Res 12(1):37–47. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2022.12.1.037
Ching HK, Chen JK (2007) Thermal stress analysis of functionally graded composites with temperature-dependent material properties. J Mech Mater Struct 2(4):633–653. https://doi.org/10.2140/jomms.2007.2.633
Cuong-Le T, Nguyen KD, Hoang-Le M, Sang-To T, Phan-Vu P, Wahab MA (2022) Nonlocal strain gradient IGA numerical solution for static bending, free vibration and buckling of sigmoid FG sandwich nanoplate. Physica B 631:413726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2022.413726
Daouadji TH, Benferhat R (2016) Bending analysis of an imperfect FGM plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading with analytical validation. Adv Mater Res 5(1):035. https://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2016.5.1.035
Du M, Liu J, Ye W, Yang F, Lin G (2022) A new semi-analytical approach for bending, buckling and free vibration analyses of power law functionally graded beams. Struct Eng Mech 81(2):179–194. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2022.81.2.179
El-Megharbel A (2016) A theoretical analysis of functionally graded beam under thermal loading. World J Eng Technol 4(3):437–449. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2016.43044
Eltaher MA, Akbaş ŞD (2020) Transient response of 2D functionally graded beam structure. Struct Eng Mech Int J 75(3):357–367. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.75.3.357
Esfahani SE, Kiani Y, Eslami MR (2013) Nonlinear thermal stability analysis of temperature dependent FGM beams supported on nonlinear hardening elastic foundations. Int J Mech Sci 69:10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2013.01.007
Ghamkhar M, Harbaoui I, Hussain M, Ayed H, Khadimallah MA, Alshoaibi A (2022) Structural monitoring of layered FGM distribution ring support: analysis with and without internal pressure. Adv Nano Res 12(3):337–344. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2022.12.3.337
Ghumare SM, Sayyad AS (2020) Analytical solutions for the hygro-thermo-mechanical bending of FG beams using a new fifth order shear and normal deformation theory. Appl Comput Mech. https://doi.org/10.24132/acm.2020.580
Giunta G, Crisafulli D, Belouettar S, Carrera E (2013) A thermo-mechanical analysis of functionally graded beams via hierarchical modelling. Compos Struct 95:676–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.013
Guptaa S, Chalak HD (2022) Bending and free vibration analysis of FG sandwich beams using higher-order zigzag theory. Steel Compos Struct 45(4):483–499. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2022.45.4.483
Huang XH, Yu NT, Azim I, Zhu J, Wu MJ (2022a) A comparative analysis of thermos-mechanical behavior of CNT-reinforced composite plates: capturing the effects of thermal shrinkage. Case Stud Therm Eng 38:102347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102347
Huang X, Shan H, Chu W, Chen Y (2022b) Computational and mathematical simulation for the size-dependent dynamic behavior of the high-order FG nanotubes, including the porosity under the thermal effects. Adv Nano Res 12(1):101–115. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2022.12.1.101
Karami B, Shahsavari D, Janghorban M, Li L (2020) Free vibration analysis of FG nanoplate with poriferous imperfection in hygrothermal environment. Struct Eng Mech Int J 73(2):191–207. https://doi.org/10.1289/sem.2020.73.2.191
Khosravi S, Arvin H, Kiani Y (2019) Interactive thermal and inertial buckling of rotating temperature-dependent FG-CNT reinforced composite beams. Compos B Eng 175:107178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107178
Kumar HS, Kattimani S (2022) Nonlinear analysis of two-directional functionally graded doubly curved panels with porosities. Struct Eng Mech 82(4):477–490. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2022.82.4.477
Ma LS, Wang TJ (2003) Nonlinear bending and post-buckling of a functionally graded circular plate under mechanical and thermal loadings. Int J Solids Struct 40(13-14):3311–3330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00118-5
Ma LS, Lee DW (2011) A further discussion of nonlinear mechanical behavior for FGM beams under in-plane thermal loading. Compos Struct 93(2):831–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.07.011
Ma LS, Lee DW (2012) Exact solutions for nonlinear static responses of a shear deformable FGM beam under an in-plane thermal loading. Eur J Mech A Solids 31(1):13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2011.06.016
Madenci E, Gülcü Ş (2020) Optimization of flexure stiffness of FGM beams via artificial neural networks by mixed FEM. Struct Eng Mech Int J 75(5):633–642. https://doi.org/10.1289/sem.2020.75.5.633
Man Y (2022) On the dynamic stability of a composite beam via modified high-order theory. Comput Concr 30(2):151–164. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2022.30.2.151
Moradi A, Poorveis D, Khajehdezfuly A (2022) Buckling of FGM elliptical cylindrical shell under follower lateral pressure. Steel Compos Struct 45(2):175–191. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2022.45.2.175
Polat A, Kaya Y (2022) Analysis of discontinuous contact problem in two functionally graded layers resting on a rigid plane by using finite element method. Comput Concr 29(4):247–253. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2022.29.4.247
Sankar BV, Tzeng JT (2002) Thermal stresses in functionally graded beams. AIAA J 40(6):1228–1232. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.1775
Sator L, Sladek V, Sladek J (2018) Bending of FGM plates under thermal load: classical thermoelasticity analysis by a meshless method. Compos B Eng 146:176–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.004
Sayyad AS, Ghugal YM (2019) Effects of nonlinear hygrothermomechanical loading on bending of FGM rectangular plates resting on two-parameter elastic foundation using four-unknown plate theory. J Therm Stress 42(2):213–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495739.2018.1469962
Shen HS (2002) Nonlinear bending response of functionally graded plates subjected to transverse loads and in thermal environments. Int J Mech Sci 44(3):561–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7403(01)00103-5
Shen HS, Xiang Y (2021) Examination of thermal postbuckling of temperature dependent FG-GRMMC laminated beams with negative Poisson’s ratio on elastic foundations. Compos Struct 272:114066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114066
Şimşek M, Al-Shujairi M (2017) Static, free and forced vibration of functionally graded (FG) sandwich beams excited by two successive moving harmonic loads. Compos B Eng 108:18–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.098
Sobhy M (2021) Differential quadrature method for magneto-hygrothermal bending of functionally graded graphene/Al sandwich-curved beams with honeycomb core via a new higher-order theory. J Sandw Struct Mater 23(5):1662–1700. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636219900668
Sobhy M, Abazid MA, Al Mukahal FH (2022) Electro-thermal buckling of FG graphene platelets-strengthened piezoelectric beams under humid conditions. Adv Mech Eng 14(4):16878132221091004. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687813222109100
Thanh CL, Nguyen TN, Vu TH, Khatir S, Abdel Wahab M (2020) A geometrically nonlinear size-dependent hypothesis for porous functionally graded micro-plate. Eng Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01154-0
Vo TP, Thai HT, Nguyen TK, Inam F, Lee J (2015) Static behaviour of functionally graded sandwich beams using a quasi-3D theory. Compos B Eng 68:59–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.030
Wu MJ, Zhao SY, Azim I, Zhu J, Huang XH (2022) Design and thermo-mechanical analysis of sandwich structures with negative thermal expansion. Int J Mech Mater Des 18(4):807–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10999-022-09609-6
Wu MJ, Zhu J, Azim I, Chen H, Huang XH (2023a) Auxetic effects in the large deflection bending characteristics of FG GRMMC shallow arches. Appl Math Model 119:534–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2023.02.034
Wu MJ, Huang XH, Azim I, Zhu J, Chen H (2023b) Nonlinear dynamic and vibration characteristics of metamaterial shallow arches. Eur J Mech A Solids 102:105084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2023.105084
Yang J, Huang XH, Shen HS (2020) Nonlinear flexural behavior of temperature-dependent FG-CNTRC laminated beams with negative Poisson’s ratio resting on the Pasternak foundation. Eng Struct 207:110250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110250
Zenkour AM, Radwan AF (2019a) Bending response of FG plates resting on elastic foundations in hygrothermal environment with porosities. Compos Struct 213:133–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.065
Zenkour AM, Radwan AF (2019b) Hygrothermo-mechanical buckling of FGM plates resting on elastic foundations using a quasi-3D model. Int J Comput Methods Eng Sci Mech 20(2):85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502287.2019.1568618
Zenkour AM, Radwan AF (2020) Bending and buckling analysis of FGM plates resting on elastic foundations in hygrothermal environment. Arch Civ Mech Eng 20(4):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00116-z
Zenkour AM, Allam MNM, Radwan AF (2014) Effects of transverse shear and normal strains on FG plates resting on elastic foundations under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading. Int J Appl Mech 6(05):1450063. https://doi.org/10.1142/S175882511450063X
Zhang L, Ko TH (2022) Bending and buckling of spinning FG nanotubes based on NSGT. Comput Concr 30(4):243. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2022.30.4.243
Zhang J, Qin Q, Chen S, Yang Y, Ye Y, Xiang C, Wang TJ (2020) Low-velocity impact of multilayer sandwich beams with metal foam cores: analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations. J Sandw Struct Mater 22(3):626–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099636218759
Zhang Z, Yang Q, Jin C (2022) Axisymmetric vibration analysis of a sandwich porous plate in thermal environment rested on Kerr foundation. Steel Compos Struct 43(5):581–601. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2022.43.5.581
Zenkour AM, Radwan AF (2019) Hygrothermo-mechanical buckling of FGM plates resting on elastic foundations using a quasi-3D model. International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics 20(2):85–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502287.2019.1568618
Zhou HM, Zhang XM, Wang ZY (2019) Thermal analysis of 2D FGM beam subjected to thermal loading using meshless weighted least-square method. Math Probl Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2541707
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Khaled MESKI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Solution Approach, Writing-Original draft preparation. Abdelaziz BOUTRID: Reviewing and Editing. Abdelhakim Bouhadra: Software, Writing-Original, draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing. Belgacem Mamen: Software, Solution Approach, Validation, Reviewing and Editing. Abderahmane MENASRIA: Software,Validation and Editing. Abdelouahed Tounsi: Conceptualization, Reviewing and Editing, Supervision. Thanh Cuong-Le: Writing-Original, draft preparation, Reviewing and Editing, Supervision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Meski, K., Boutrid, A., Menasria, A. et al. Analytical modeling of flexural behavior of advanced composite sandwich beams under nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical loads. Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-024-00414-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41939-024-00414-6