Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimized quantum circuit implementation of SATURNIN for Grover’s algorithm

  • Original Research
  • Published:
International Journal of Information Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In 2019, SATURNIN a light-weighted block cipher was proposed for post-quantum security. In this research, we try to examine the security strength of SATURNIN by implementing its quantum circuit to apply Grover’s algorithm for brute-force key search from classical complexity O(N) to quantum complexity O(N/2). We present SATURNIN’s novel quantum structure resource calculation, implementation, and security hardness evaluation based on the NIST proposal for post-quantum security strength. Our proposed quantum circuit implementation requires 872 qubits. As per our evaluation, increasing the number of iterations in this algorithm doesn’t adequately increase its security hardiness against quantum assaults on the IBM QISKIT quantum computer simulator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Algorithm 1
Fig. 5
Algorithm 2
Fig. 6
Algorithm 3
Fig. 7
Algorithm 4
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Shor PW (1999) Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM Rev. 41(2):303–332

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Grover LK (1996) A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In: Miller GL (eds) Proceedings of the twenty-eighth annual ACM symposium on the theory of computing. ACM, pp 212–219

  3. NIST (2016) Submission requirements and evaluation criteria for the post-quantum cryptography standardization process. NIST, Gaithersburg

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yasmin N, Gupta R (2023) Modified lightweight GIFT cipher for security enhancement in resource-constrained IoT devices. Int J Inf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01439-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sivakumar A, Sriwastawa A, Muthalagu R (2023) Shakey: an improved cipher for protection of Iot devices. Int J Inf Technol 15:3381–3390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01402-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bhoyar P, Sahare P, Hashmi MF et al (2023) Lightweight architecture for fault detection in Simeck cryptographic algorithms on FPGA. Int J Inf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01593-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yasmin N, Gupta R (2023) Modified lightweight cryptography scheme and its applications in IoT environment. Int J Inf Technol 15:4403–4414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-023-01486-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Deepthi Kakumani KC, Singh K, Karthika SK (2022) Improved related-cipher attack on Salsa and ChaCha: revisited. Int J Inf Technol 14:1535–1542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-022-00904-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Amy M, Matteo OD, Gheorghiu V, Mosca M, Parent A, Schanck J (2016) Estimating the cost of generic quantum pre-image attacks on SHA-2 and SHA-3. In: Proceedings of the international conference on selected areas in cryptography. St. John’s, Canada, 10–12, pp 317–337

  10. Jang K, Kim H, Eum S, Seo H (2020) Grover on GIFT. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. 2020:1405

  11. Anand R, Maitra A, Mukhopadhyay S (2020) Grover on SIMON. Quantum Inf Process 19:340

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Chauhan A, Sanadhya S (2020) Quantum resource estimates of Grover’s key search on ARIA. In: Proceedings of the international conference on security, privacy, and applied cryptography engineering, Kolkata, India, 17-21 December 2020. Springer, pp 238–258

  13. Jang KB, Kim HJ, Park JH, Song GJ, Seo HJ (2021) Optimization of LEA quantum circuits to apply Grover’s algorithm. KIPS Trans Comput Commun Syst 10:101–106

    Google Scholar 

  14. Naidu AS, Tentu AN (2022) Quantum cryptanalysis on A5/1 Stream cipher. Int J Comput Inf Syst Ind Manag Appl 14:10

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bijwe S, Chauhan AK, Sanadhya SK (2020) Quantum search for lightweight block ciphers: GIFT, SKINNY. SATURNIN. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. 2020:1485

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India

    Swamy Naidu Allu & K. Gangadhara Rao

  2. CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, UoH Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India

    Swamy Naidu Allu & T. Appala Naidu

Authors
  1. Swamy Naidu Allu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Appala Naidu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Gangadhara Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Swamy Naidu Allu.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Allu, S.N., Naidu, T.A. & Rao, K.G. Optimized quantum circuit implementation of SATURNIN for Grover’s algorithm. Int. j. inf. tecnol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-024-01792-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-024-01792-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation