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Centrosome: A Microtubule Nucleating Cellular Machinery

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Aims and scope

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Abstract

Centrosome serves as the primary site of microtubule organization in a majority of animal cells. These microtubules carry out several significant functions in the cell such as cell division, chromosome segregation, mechanical support and cellular transport. Proteins localized at the centrosome play extensive role in orchestrating the process of microtubule organization, growth and stabilization in space and time. Anomalies in centrosome number, structure and functioning disturb microtubule organization and lead to several human diseases. Advancements in proteomics and microscopy methods have been instrumental in identifying molecular mechanisms pertaining to the microtubule organizing function of centrosomes. This review focuses on the involvement of centrosome as a microtubule nucleating center of the cell. We present the major molecular mechanisms at the centrosome which affect microtubule nucleation and activation. Finally, we discuss human diseases associated with defective microtubule organization resulting from centrosome abnormalities.

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Abbreviations

MTOC:

Microtubule Organizing Center

MT:

Microtubule

PCM:

Pericentriolar material

γ-TuRC:

Gamma-tubulin ring complex

γ-TuSC:

Gamma-tubulin small complex

MAP:

Microtubule-associated protein

GCP:

Gamma complex protein

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Acknowledgements

PS is thankful to Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur for seed fund and infrastructure support. PS would like to thank Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant ECR/2017/001410), Department of Science and Technology, India and Department of Biotechnology (BT/12/IYBA/2019/02) for the funding support. SJ, HK and SJ are supported by the fellowship from the Ministry of Education, India.

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  1. Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, 342037, India

    Sonal Jaiswal, Harshita Kasera, Swati Jain, Shivang Khandelwal & Priyanka Singh

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Jaiswal, S., Kasera, H., Jain, S. et al. Centrosome: A Microtubule Nucleating Cellular Machinery. J Indian Inst Sci 101, 5–18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-020-00213-1

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