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Biodegradation of 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid by Lysinibacillus macrolides DSM54T and Determination of Optimal Conditions

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Abstract

Chlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) are recalcitrant and toxic materials which enter the environment directly using pesticides and herbicides, or indirectly through the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds. In the conducted study, biodegradation of 4-chlrobenzoic acid was investigated by Lysinibacillus macrolides DSM54T, which had previously been isolated from PCB-polluted soils. Environmental factors including pH, temperature, 4-CBA concentration and inoculation percentage were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). 58 experiments were designed according to Historical Data, because of the arbitrary selection of experiments, and the combined effects of the independent variables were investigated through the cubic model (P < 0.0001). Degradation percentage of 4-CBA was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. One hundred percent removal of 4-CBA was statistically estimated after 96 h at the best environmental conditions, which were pH = 5.25, temperature = 32.75 (°C), 4-CBA concentration = 237.17 (ppm), and inoculation percentage = 18.32 (%V/V). The inoculation percentage was the most effective parameter on the biodegradation of 4-CBA (P < 0.0001), while, the temperature had the least impact (P = 0.7340). High removal efficiency (93.45% in practice and 100% in theory) proved that the examined strain could be a promising candidate for bioremediation of chlorobenzoic acids from polluted soils.

Article Highlights

  • Biodegradation of 4-chlrobenzoic acid by newly isolated Lysinibacillus macrolides.

  • Statistical methods for optimization of the experimental parameters have been studied.

  • One hundred percent removal of 4-CBA was statistically estimated after 96 h.

  • The inoculation percentage was the most effective parameter on the biodegradation of 4-CBA.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Vice President for research; Sharif University of Technology under Grant number QA 970713. The authors would like to acknowledge Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, and Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran for providing valuable help to accomplish the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P. O. Box, 11365-6891, Tehran, Iran

    Aryan Samadi, Hadise Sharifi & Soheila Yaghmaei

  2. Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Ghobadi Nejad

  3. Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Guilan, Iran

    Atefeh Hasan-Zadeh

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  1. Aryan Samadi
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  2. Hadise Sharifi
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  3. Zahra Ghobadi Nejad
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  4. Atefeh Hasan-Zadeh
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  5. Soheila Yaghmaei
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Correspondence to Soheila Yaghmaei.

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Samadi, A., Sharifi, H., Ghobadi Nejad, Z. et al. Biodegradation of 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid by Lysinibacillus macrolides DSM54T and Determination of Optimal Conditions. Int J Environ Res 14, 145–154 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-020-00247-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-020-00247-4

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