Abstract
Purpose
The energy response of protons measured by electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) shows disagreement between Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and data. Therefore, using the response matrix from MC to apply the energy unfolding, which is crucial for cosmic-ray proton spectrum measurement, is unreliable. As a result, cosmic-ray proton spectrum measured by ECAL based on raw MC would be different from the published results (based on the momentum measurement) by AMS-02. The purpose is tuning the response matrix to agree with data.
Methods
The independent energy measurement by AMS-02 magnetic spectrometer provides in-flight calibration for ECAL. The distributions of proton energy measured by ECAL in MC are corrected after the calibration.
Results
The proton spectrum based on the tuned response matrix is consistent with the published one.
Conclusions
The matrix tuning is effective for the energy unfolding for cosmic-ray proton spectrum measurement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Blasi, Recent results in cosmic ray physics and their interpretation. Braz. J. Phys. 44, 426–440 (2014)
P. Blasi, The origin of galactic cosmic rays. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 21, 70 (2013)
O. Adriani et al., PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra. Science 332, 69 (2011)
Q. Yan, Properties of Primary Protons, Helium, Carbon and Oxygen Nuclei Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the ISS, in Proceeding of Science (ICRC2019) (Madison, WI, U.S.A. 2019), CRD8b
A.D. Panov et al., Energy spectra of abundant nuclei of primary cosmic rays from the data of ATIC-2 experiment: final results. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 73, 564 (2009)
Y. Yoon et al., Proton and helium spectra from the CREAM-III flight. Astrophys. J. 839, 5 (2017)
O. Adriani et al., Direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV with the calorimetric electron telescope on the international space station. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 181102 (2019)
Q. An et al., Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax3793 (2019)
J. Allison et al., Recent developments in GEANT4. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 835, 186–225 (2016)
J. Zang et al., A study of hadronic shower development in the ECAL of the alpha magnetic spectrometer II. Chin. Phys. C 35(8), 763–768 (2011)
P.A. Zyla et al., Particle Data Group, to be published in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020)
Z. Li et al., Longitudinal leakage correction of uniformly sampling electronmagnetic calorimeter. HEP NP 28, 1188 (2004)
T. Adye, Unfolding algorithms and tests using RooUnfold. arXiv:1105.1160v1
G. D’Agostini, A multidimensional unfolding method based on Bayes’ theorem. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 362, 487 (1995)
Funding
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11705220) and the China Scholarship Council (201804910426).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, F., Tang, ZC., Li, ZH. et al. Improvement of cosmic-ray proton measurement with the electromagnetic calorimeter of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. Radiat Detect Technol Methods 5, 90–94 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-020-00222-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-020-00222-9