Abstract
The control of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has been a significant concern to corn and rice agroecosystems in the Philippines. As one of the strategies for FAW management, recent studies have focused on developing entomopathogen-based control tactics, of which utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes is considered as a promising option. This paper evaluated the efficacy of the Philippine isolates of Heterorhabditis indica (HiBSDS, HiMAP, HiPBCB) and Steinernema abbasi (SaMBLB) against the two strains of S. frugiperda. Results showed that all isolates are virulent to both strains 24–48 h post-infection (hpi). However, to achieve similar FAW mortality, H. indica was found to require less IJ measured through penetration percentage as compared with S. abbasi. Lower LC50 and LT50 values were also observed for H. indica isolates than SaMBLB. Among the H. indica isolates, no intraspecific variability in terms of virulence was observed. More apparent is the interspecific variability between S. abbasi and H. indica, as the latter demonstrated higher virulence activity. The FAW strains also showed similar level of sensitivity relative to each of the EPN treatments. Although this warrants further greenhouse and field efficacy study, the findings demonstrated the biocontrol potential of these local EPN isolates against FAW which can also be incorporated in integrated pest management of this insect pest in the Philippines.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- EPN:
-
Entomopathogenic nematodes
- IJ’s:
-
Infective juveniles
- LT50 :
-
50% Lethal time
- LC50 :
-
50% Lethal concentration
- hpi:
-
Hours post-infection
- FAW:
-
Fall armyworm
- BSDS:
-
Britania Surigao del Sur
- PBCB:
-
Puting Bato Calaca Batangas
- MAP:
-
Magbabadil Aborlan Palawan
- MBLB:
-
Mataas na Bato Lemery Batangas
- Hi:
-
Heterorhabditis indica
- Sa:
-
Steinernema abbasi
- % :
-
Percentage
References
Andalo V, Santos V, Moreira G, Moreira C, Junior A (2010) Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes under laboratory and greenhouses conditions for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda. Ciencia Rural 40:1860–1866
Caoili B, Latina R, Sandoval R, Orajay J (2018) Molecular identification of entomopathogenic nematode isolates from the Philippines and their biological control potential against lepidopteran pests of corn. J Nematol 50(2):99–110. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2018-024
Castillo J, Reynolds S, Eleftherianos I (2011) Insect immune responses to nematode parasites. Trends Parasitol 27(12):537–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2011.09.001
Chaubey AK, Aasha BAH (2019) Notes on Steinernema abbasi (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) strains and virulence tests against lepidopteran and coleopterans pests. J Entomol Zool Stud 7:954–964
Chen Y, Long H, Jin T, Peng Z, Sun Y, Feng T (2022) Potential of Entomopathogenic nematode HbSD as a candidate biocontrol agent against Spodoptera frugiperda. InSects 14(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14010002
Early R, Gonzalez- Moreno P, Murphy S, Day R (2018) Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. NeoBiota 50(40):25–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165
Fallet P, Bazagwira D, Guenat J, Bustos-Segura C, Karangwa P, Mukundwa IP, Kajuga J, Degen T, Toepfer S, Turlings TCJ (2022) Laboratory and field trials reveal the potential of a gel formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Biol Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.105086
Gochuhi J, Sevgan S, Khamis F, Van Den Berg J, Du Plessis H, Ekesi S, Herren J (2020) Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8701
Guo J, Wu S, Zhang F, Huan C, He K, Babendreier D, Wang Z (2020) Prospects for microbial control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: a review. Bio Control 65(6):647–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-10031-0
Guo W, Wang X, Men X et al (2023) Field efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernamatidae) strain All in the control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize. Biol Control 180:105202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105202
Harrison R, Thierfelder C, Baudron F et al (2019) Agro-ecological options for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) management: Providing low-cost, smallholder-friendly solutions to an invasive pest. J Environ Manage 243:318–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.011
Koffi D, Kyerematen R et al (2021) Assessment of impacts of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize production in Ghana. J Integr Pest Manag 11(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaa015
Lalramnghaki HC, Lalramliana LHT et al (2021) Susceptibility of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), to four species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from Mizoram, North-Eastern India. Egypt J Biol Pest Control. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-021-00453-y
Loto FDV, Carrizo AE, Romero CM, Baigorí MD, Pera LM (2019) Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains from Northern Argentina: Esterases, Profiles, and Susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). Florida Entomologist 102(2):347–352. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.102.0209
Marshall SDG, Moore A, Vaqalo M, Noble A, Jackson TA (2017) A new haplotype of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, has escaped biological control by Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus and is invading Pacific Islands. J Invertebr Pathol 149:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.07.006
Montezano DG et al (2018) Host Plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. Afr Entomol 26(2): 286–300. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.026.0286
Nagoshi RN, Meagher RL (2020) The Spodoptera frugiperda host strains: what they are and why they matter for understanding and controlling this global agricultural pest. J Econ Entomol 115(6):1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac050
Ratnakala B, Kalleshwaraswamy CM, Rajkumar M, Mallikarjuna HB (2023) Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in India. Biol Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105304
Shinde S, Ingole D, Biradar V et al (2022) Efficacy of native strains of entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica, against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India. Egypt J Biol Pest Control. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00638-z
Srivastava S et al (2022) Studies on the biological control potential of Steinernema abbasi CS-39 against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by adopting the regression probit model. Egypt J Biol Pest Control 32:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00510-0
Tanaka S, Harrison R, Arai H et al (2021) Confirmation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus infections in G-haplotype coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) from Palauan PCR-positive populations. Sci Rep 11(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97426-w
Wan J, Huang C, Li C et al (2021) Biology, invasion, and management of the agricultural invader: Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Integr Agric 20(3):646–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63367-6
Zadji L, Baimey H, Afouda L, Moens M, Decraemer W (2014) Effectiveness of different Heterorhabditis isolates from Southern Benin for biocontrol of the subterranean termite, Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae), in laboratory trials. Nematology 16(1):109–120
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Duza, G.M., Latina, R.A., Yap, S.A. et al. Virulence of Philippine entomopathogenic nematode isolates against strains of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Plant Dis Prot 131, 459–464 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00877-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-00877-2