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Assessing soil erosion vulnerability through geospatial morphometric analysis in the Oued Amter Basin (Northwest Morocco)

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Abstract

Sustainable development is threatened by soil erosion. Since it takes over 300 years for a centimeter of soil to form, preventing soil erosion is essential to safeguarding priceless resources. In any hydrological analysis, morphometric analysis is a relevant scientific method that is essential to the development and management of drainage basins. The main objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the morphometric parameters of the Oued Amter Basin using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) (geospatial tools) and (ii) to prioritize sub-basins and identify the major morphometric parameters that influence soil erosion in the Oued Amter Basin. Morphometric analysis of the Oued Amter Basin (300 km2) was performed to prioritize sub-basins based on their susceptibility to erosion by water using geospatial tools (remote-sensing-based data and a GIS). The linear, relief, and shape morphometric parameters of the drainage network were calculated using data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) phased-array L-type synthetic-aperture radar (PALSAR) digital elevation model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m. These parameters revealed the network’s texture, morpho-tectonics, geometry, and relief characteristics (including stream length (Lu) and mean stream length (Lsm), stream length ratio (RL), bifurcation ratio (Rb), average bifurcation ratio (RBM), drainage density (Dd), drainage texture (T), flow frequency (Fs), elongation rate (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), form factor (Ff), relief, and relief ratio). Using the array of compound (Cp) values that were computed, we set the priority ranks and divided the sub-watershed into four priority-rank groups: (i) low, which represents 5% of the basin surface; (ii) moderate, which represents 30%; (iii) high, which represents 35%; and (iv) extremely high, which represents 30% of the basin surface. The results show that this classification is valuable for prioritizing and planning interventions focused on addressing soil erosion and mitigating natural hazard risks within the watershed. The method tested here has been shown to be an effective tool to improve sustainable soil management.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area of basin

ASTER:

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Refection Radiometer

C :

Channel maintenance constant

Cc:

Compactness coefficient

Cp:

Compound values

Dd:

Drainage density

DEM:

Digital elevation model

Dt:

Drainage texture

Ff:

Form factor

Fs:

Stream frequency

GIS:

Geographic information system

If:

Infiltration number

km:

Kilometers

km2 :

Square kilometers

Lg:

Length of overland flow

Lu:

Stream length

Lsm:

Mean stream length

N:

North

Nu:

Stream number

P :

Perimeter of basin

QGIS:

Quantum GIS

Rc:

Circularity ratio

Re:

Elongation ratio

Rb:

Bifurcation ratio

RL:

Stream length ratio

SBW:

Sub-watershed

RS:

Remote sensing

T :

Texture ratio

u :

Stream order

W:

Watershed

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through a large research group. Project group number: RGP. 2/422/44.

Funding

This research work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University under grant number RGP. 2/422/44.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geophysics and Natural Hazards Laboratory, Department of Geomorphology and Geomatics, Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Agdal, PO Box 703, 10106, Rabat City, Morocco

    Mohammed El Brahimi, Mohamed Mastere, Brahim Benzougagh, Bouchta El Fellah, Najia Fartas, Latifa Ladel & Ayyoub Sbihi

  2. Institute of Tourism and Hospitality, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda

    Benson Turyasingura

  3. Department of Architecture and Planning, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh Alsulamy & Ahmed Ali A. Shohan

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Khaled Mohamed Khedher

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Abdelaziz Salem

  6. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

    Ayed Eid Alluqmani

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  1. Mohammed El Brahimi
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El Brahimi, M., Mastere, M., Benzougagh, B. et al. Assessing soil erosion vulnerability through geospatial morphometric analysis in the Oued Amter Basin (Northwest Morocco). Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-024-00493-4

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