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Typologies of individuals vulnerable to insomnia: a two-step cluster analysis

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Abstract

Research and clinical practice have demonstrated that patients with insomnia are a heterogeneous population. As such, it is important to understand and differentiate the potential sub-groups among insomnia patients as well as individuals at risk for insomnia. Questionnaires completed by 291 students of both sexes and at risk for insomnia (FIRST scale score ≥ 22) were analyzed (age range 17–24 years). Two-step cluster analyses comprising all the valid cases (N = 291) were performed to analyze the phenotypes of individuals vulnerable to insomnia separately for men and women. The results showed that men and women present different psychological profiles. Among men, it was possible to distinguish two clusters: one with relatively low scores in negative psychological variables and high positive affect and another with high scores in negative psychological variables and low scores in positive affect. Among women, three clusters were observed: two resembling the ones found for the male sample and one additional cluster encompassing individuals with moderate scores on all of the measures. However, it is possible that this additional group in women may be due to the larger sample size. The current study supports the idea that among individuals at risk for insomnia, one can discriminate different profiles. Sex-related differences should be further investigated in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The cooperation of the professors and students is gratefully acknowledged.

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This study was not funded.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Daniel Ruivo Marques

  2. CINEICC-Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Daniel Ruivo Marques, Ana Allen Gomes & Vanda Clemente

  3. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal

    Ana Allen Gomes

  4. Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Sleep Medicine Centre, Coimbra, Portugal

    Vanda Clemente

  5. Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA

    Christopher L. Drake & Thomas Roth

  6. École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

    Charles M. Morin

  7. Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada

    Charles M. Morin

  8. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal

    Maria Helena Pinto de Azevedo

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Marques, D.R., Gomes, A.A., Clemente, V. et al. Typologies of individuals vulnerable to insomnia: a two-step cluster analysis. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 19, 33–44 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-020-00285-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-020-00285-7

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